对维吾尔语toy、bala二词的词源考证

根据维吾尔语各个不同历史时期的各种文献对toy和bala二词的记载,对它们的语义进行了分析、考证,揭示了这两个词的语义的历史演变过程。     

Knowledge and opinions of families regarding games—Toy selection for 6 to 12 year old children (the case of Northern Cyprus)

Games and toys are irreplaceable basic needs of children of almost every age. They are also some of the most significant traces of culture. Some of our games and toys lost their original functions, and it is not remembered why they were functionally significant in Turkish Cypriot culture. Families and cultural identity also play a major role regarding different factors leading to changes in toy selection. The purpose of this study is to explore the knowledge and opinions of families regarding games and, in particular, toy selection for 6–12 year old children of Turkish Cypriot families. A survey was administered to 100 households in North Cyprus, and was used as a data collection tool. It was found that the most important factors in the selection of children’s games and toys were (1) the economic opportunities, and (2) children’s desires for toys after seeing them with their friends. A considerable number of families in Northern Cyprus see game-toy selection as important in a child’s social, psychomotor, mental, and cultural construction. Families, especially those living with difficulties, indicated that they cannot afford enough time to encourage playing traditional games. Although new versions of traditional games and toys are being developed and used, it is seen that educated and high-income families are more conscious about the importance of having information about them than others.     

浅析老北京民间玩具的特点及现状

民间玩具是人类生产生活的缩影,也与民俗有着密不可分的联系.老北京的民间玩具吸收了全国各地的艺术精华,运用了丰富的表现手法,题材内容广泛,艺术风格独特,既凝结着浓郁的乡土感情,蕴涵着浪漫的艺术想像,也平添了几分宫廷遗韵.在留恋、品味传统艺术的同时,应该注重提高理论认识.中国人从不缺乏保护传统和民间文化的热情与决心,但在保护传统民间文化的过程中,要切忌浮躁,避免盲目,踏踏实实做一些事情.     

凉山彝区幼儿园本土课程资源的开发与利用研究 ——以凉山彝区“一村一幼”辅导员的玩教具制作为例

针对凉山彝区幼儿园本土课程资源的开发与利用,重点阐述了玩教具制作的重要意义及五大领域玩教具制作的主要原 则、方法与途径,目的在于充分调动辅导员的主观能动性,利用本土资源及安全无害的废旧材料制作出适合本地幼儿的玩教 具,满足彝区幼儿园玩教具缺乏的需要,从而提升其教育教学质量,助力彝区脱贫奔康。     

农耕环境下文化价值的考察——以中原地区的泥玩具为对象

以中原泥玩具为切入点,考察农耕环境中的文化价值。选取了淮阳泥泥狗、浚县泥咕咕和豫西泥娃娃为个案,指出泥玩具不仅作为玩具存在,而且是文化的载体与文化独特性的体现。它们各自有不同的历史渊源,体现不同的文化内涵。在未来的社会发展中,我们要在经济发展的同时,保护和发展非物质文化遗产,保留祖先的根脉。     

Sexuality Information Seeking and Sexual Function Among Women Attending In-Home Sex Toy Parties

ABSTRACT. Outside traditional risk-oriented public health campaigns, few sexuality education opportunities exist for adult women, particularly those in partnered relationships, that address issues related to sexual desire and pleasure. Data were collected from 677 women attending in-home sex toy parties to assess whether they sought sexuality-related information at a recent party they attended. Participants reported asking 765 questions at parties. The questions were analyzed for their content and for relations with sexual function scores. Question topics were varied, related to various domains of sexual function, and provided insight into the contributions that these parties may make to women's sexual health.     

The Influence of Gender and Ethnicity on Children's Inferences About Toy Choice

By 4–5 years of age children can make gender‐congruent inferences about toys. Not only do they respond differentially to gender labels attached to toys, even without such labels they make inferences about toy choice that reflect an awareness of and identification with their gender in‐group. However it is unclear how far inferences about toy choice extend to other aspects of a child's social identity. The present study explored the influence of both gender and ethnicity on children's judgements on toy choice for themselves and others. Eighty‐four children in three age groups (5, 6–7, 8–9 yrs) were shown photographs of unfamiliar toys and unfamiliar children from three ethnic groups (white, black, Asian) and were asked to rate how much they and these children would like each toy. Boys consistently predicted that Asian children would like the toys less than other ethnic groups. Ethnicity influenced inferences from 6–7 years old where children predicted that white, black and Asian peers would like the toys differently from each other. Children at 8–9 years old predicted that Asian peers would like the toys less than both white and black peers. Analysis of differences between children's own liking and predictions for same‐ and opposite‐sex others revealed that they were gendercentric. That is, children predicted that a same‐sex child would like a toy more similarly to themselves compared to an opposite‐sex child. Analysis between white and Asian children's own liking and predictions for same‐ and other‐ethnic others found that only 6–7‐year‐olds made ethnocentric inferences. That is, same‐ethnic peers’ liking was rated more similar to children's own compared to that of other‐ethnic peers. Findings are discussed in light of cognitive developmental theories and previous work on the development of perspective‐taking skills.     

Inequality in the Toy Store

This article explores race, gender, and class inequalities in the social organization of retail work. I report on a participant-observation study of two toy stores. One store was located in a low-income redevelopment zone, the other, a unionized store, in an upscale downtown shopping district. I describe working conditions at the two stores, including the segregation of jobs, scheduling practices, pay and benefits provisions, and promotion policies. I also explore some of the reasons people stay at these jobs, despite oppressive working conditions. I conclude with a discussion of the importance of collective action in transforming the social conditions of retail work.