完整服务产品和服务提供系统的设计

文章提出了一种全新的服务设计概念 ,即把完整服务产品和服务提供系统作为一个有机整体来考虑 ,并分析比较了现有的几种服务设计方法 ,在此基础上提出了一种新的服务设计方法。     

村干部“名”与“实”的历时性嬗变——基于浙江赵村的实地调查

关于村干部角色行为的研究有两种取向：一是对村干部应该如何的“名”的研究,二是对村干部实际如何的“实”的研究。赵村的村干部的“名”与“实”经历了从融合到偏离的历史性嬗变。改革开放后,因对村干部有了新的要求与期待,历史变迁的惯性及相应的政策及制度性规定为村干部角色行为提供了基础,包办型村干部经历了“名”与“实”的短暂融合。但随着村庄出现可赢利的巨额集体资产,村干部以派性斗争为核心争夺村庄权力,以自我获利为目的,造成村庄集体资产流失,村民利益受损,赢利型村干部的“名”与“实”严重偏离。以制度治村为核心的纠偏机制的运行,以期扭转赢利型村干部“名”与“实”偏离的行为,却导致了放任型村干部的出现,这实际上是另一种形式的“名”与“实”的偏离,村干部“名”与“实”偏离的困境依然没有摆脱。     

Missing value imputation method for disaster decision-making using K nearest neighbor

Due to destructiveness of natural disasters, restriction of disaster scenarios and some human causes, missing data usually occur in disaster decision-making problems. In order to estimate missing values of alternatives, this paper focuses on imputing heterogeneous attribute values of disaster based on an improved K nearest neighbor imputation (KNNI) method. Firstly, some definitions of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (TFNs) are introduced and three types of attributes (i.e. linguistic term sets, intervals and real numbers) are converted to TFNs. Then the correlated degree model is utilized to extract related attributes to form instances that will be used in K nearest neighbor algorithm, and a novel KNNI method merging with correlated degree model is presented. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the proposed method and to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness.     

WTO巴厘一揽子协定粮食安全条款谈判:背景、进展与对策

巴厘一揽子协定为中国保障粮食安全带来了新局面。从关税及贸易总协定、乌拉圭至多哈回合时期,粮食安全关注越来越成为谈判的重点,多哈回合谈判中各大利益集团也就其自身情况表明不同的谈判立场及利益诉求。协定的达成,在确认粮食安全等非贸易关注的重要意义、公共储备计划的"和平条款"、关税配额制度改革等方面实现突破的同时,又存在文件约束力低下、取消发达国家农产品补贴目标失败、利好政策实施程序及条件复杂等缺憾。对于中国而言,应分析此次协定为增强中国的粮食获取能力带来的政策利好,继续在后续谈判中加强对粮食安全的关注,同时及时地修改中国的粮食安全相关法律法规。     

实施"金包银"工程,有效解决失地农民问题——一个推进新农村建设典型案例的分析

厦门市对成片开发的工业集中区中的村庄采取的"金包银"模式,是一条在加快推进工业化、城市化进程中,走出"城中村"困境,建设社会主义新农村的新路子.探析厦门实施"金包银"工程的做法及经验,有助于进一步推动这一惠民工程的实施,也将为各地贯彻落实科学发展观、构建和谐社会,建设社会主义新农村,加快工业化、城市化进程,提供有益的参考和借鉴.     

民营企业人力资本薪酬策略设计及其运用方法研究

基于薪酬是作为激励企业不同类型人力资本价值实现的重要经济杠杆,对不同类型人力资本采取不同的薪酬策略显得尤为重要。鉴于我国民营企业①人力资本薪酬水平相比其他性质企业仍很低,企业人才的激励、留用与争夺都处于劣势。本文从薪酬结构、薪酬水平以及薪酬组合三方面制定民营企业不同类型人力资本薪酬策略设计原则及其具体运用方法,旨在增强民营企业薪酬的外部竞争性、内部一致性以及绩效激励作用,从而提升民营企业人力资本薪酬竞争力。     

Involvement of Ministries of Health in Health Service Coverage Decisions: Is England an Aberrant Case?

This article examines the involvement of ministries of health in making health service coverage decisions in Denmark, England, France and Germany. The study aims to inform debate in England about the feasibility of reducing perceived ministerial and bureaucratic ‘interference’ in decisions affecting the National Health Service, based on interviews with senior government officials and other health system stakeholders. Ministries of health differ in their involvement in health system governance and coverage decisions (‘the benefits package’), reflecting differences in institutional arrangements. In all four countries, organizations at arm's length or independent from government are either involved in providing technical advice to the ministry of health or have been mandated to take these decisions themselves. However, ministries of health occasionally intervene in the decision‐making process or ignore the advice of these organizations. The Department of Health in England is not an aberrant case, at least in relation to coverage decisions. Indeed, ministries of health in Denmark and France play a larger role in making these decisions. Public pressure, often amplified by the media, is a shared reason for ministerial and ministry involvement in all four countries. This dynamic may thus limit the feasibility of attempts to further separate the NHS from both the Department of Health and wider political pressures.     

政策包问题初探

探讨了政策包应用的原则和组织实施等问题，提出了一些建设性的意见和对策。     

网络贸易中物流配送对包装设计的影响

分析了网络贸易中商品的销售和物流配送的特点,针对网络贸易中商品的物流上存在的问题,提出了对网上商品包装设计的重新定位。     

下部绝热炉膛炉内传热计算方法探讨

根据炉内辐射换热的基本原理,分析了组装水管锅炉采用下部绝热炉膛后对炉内火焰温度沿高度变化规律的影响,提出了考虑下部绝热炉膛影响的炉内传热计算方法.并以实例计算验证.