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1.
文章结合数字经济的内涵和外延,分别从数字基础设施、数字产业化、产业数字化等方面构建了数字经济发展水平量化指标体系,基于熵值法测度了中国2010—2018年数字经济发展趋势,并建立灰色预测模型对2019—2028年的数字经济发展走向进行预测。研究结果表明:2010—2018年,中国数字经济发展水平增长了4.4倍,年均增速达到50%,2019—2028年,中国数字经济发展水平增速将不断提高,预计2028年数字经济发展水平将是2018年的5倍。因此,我国要进一步推动新型数字经济基础设施建设,加快传统产业的数字化转型,积极发展电信业等数字产业,以保障我国数字经济快速发展。  相似文献   
2.
《Risk analysis》2018,38(1):17-30
The extent of economic losses due to a natural hazard and disaster depends largely on the spatial distribution of asset values in relation to the hazard intensity distribution within the affected area. Given that statistical data on asset value are collected by administrative units in China, generating spatially explicit asset exposure maps remains a key challenge for rapid postdisaster economic loss assessment. The goal of this study is to introduce a top‐down (or downscaling) approach to disaggregate administrative‐unit level asset value to grid‐cell level. To do so, finding the highly correlated “surrogate” indicators is the key. A combination of three data sets—nighttime light grid, LandScan population grid, and road density grid, is used as ancillary asset density distribution information for spatializing the asset value. As a result, a high spatial resolution asset value map of China for 2015 is generated. The spatial data set contains aggregated economic value at risk at 30 arc‐second spatial resolution. Accuracy of the spatial disaggregation reflects redistribution errors introduced by the disaggregation process as well as errors from the original ancillary data sets. The overall accuracy of the results proves to be promising. The example of using the developed disaggregated asset value map in exposure assessment of watersheds demonstrates that the data set offers immense analytical flexibility for overlay analysis according to the hazard extent. This product will help current efforts to analyze spatial characteristics of exposure and to uncover the contributions of both physical and social drivers of natural hazard and disaster across space and time.  相似文献   
3.
“厅壁记”是镌刻在古代衙门的墙壁上,记述历代职官沿革、制度得失、官员迁转等,具有警示教育意义的一种文体.唐代御史的厅壁记写作重视“法”的作用,有些甚至上升为国家意志,与粉饰太平的馆阁文学大不相同,是中国法制史上浓墨重彩的一笔.唐代御史的厅壁记写作有着独特的文学价值:(1)李华、柳宗元的诸多厅壁记均用散体文写就,简洁真切,议论精警,已开中唐古文运动的先声.(2)唐代御史在厅壁记创作中注入鲜明的主体意识,语言辛辣,发人深思.唐代御史厅壁记的文献学价值表现在:一是订补现存史志文献之阙,促进唐史研究的深入;二是有助于对唐代文学发生背景的了解.唐代御史厅壁记因观览人数较多,其公众宣传、社会传播、舆论导向之作用亦不可忽视.  相似文献   
4.
自然有没有目的性,如果有的话,是在什么意义上讲的,自然的目的性是否具有层次性,我们应该如何对待这些不同形态的自然及其目的性,等等。这个问题,不同的价值观和思维方式的回答是不同的。一般来说,机械论和传统唯物主义是否定自然的目的性的,西方传统中占主导地位的理性主义往往形成自然与社会、物质和精神、理性与非理性等等二元因素的对立。而儒家、马克思的实践哲学明确主张,或从现代现象学可以推断出,自然界不但存在着目的性、主体性,而且存在着它们的差异性,如马克思强调在实践活动的基础上自然与历史的一体化,而儒家的仁爱是有差等的爱,不是墨家所说的具有绝对主义倾向的“兼爱”。也就是说,自然界中的一切生命,按照从高到低的价值顺序,微生物、植物、普通动物、人,都是具有独立的意志和价值的生命体。在道德的理想性、超越性上,它们是平等的,都是爱和尊重的对象,而在现实性上,它们对人的价值是不同的,人们对待它们的态度也应该是不同的,即是有差等的。  相似文献   
5.
构建出口贸易碳强度指标,将出口贸易增加值与隐含碳置于同一分析框架,研究参与全球价值链对中国出口贸易碳强度的影响。在对中国参与全球价值链与出口贸易碳强度演变趋势进行测算的基础上,构建计量经济学模型,实证研究不同参与全球价值链指标对中国整体与细分行业出口贸易碳强度的影响及规模效应、结构效应和技术效应的调节作用。研究结果表明:中国整体行业主要以后向方式参与全球价值链,制造业全球价值链参与度更深而服务业位置指数更高;中国整体出口贸易碳强度以2005年为界先上升后下降;不同要素密集型制造业与服务业出口贸易碳强度水平差异明显。除位置指数外,全球价值链前向与后向参与度、前向生产长度和深度GVC指数对中国整体出口贸易碳强度的影响均为正,且深度GVC指数的提高对出口贸易碳强度的促进作用最显著。相对于制造业,服务业后向参与度和前向生产长度的提高对出口贸易碳强度的促进作用减弱;相对于劳动密集型行业,资本密集型行业位置指数的提高会进一步降低出口贸易碳强度,资本与知识密集型行业深度GVC的提高对出口贸易碳强度的拉动作用减弱。规模效应的调节作用不明显,结构和技术效应均会降低前向参与度与深度GVC对出口贸易碳强度的正向影响。在研究结论的基础上提出降低中国出口贸易碳强度的政策建议。  相似文献   
6.
Addressing the lack of physical activity (PA) in rural adults is vital because of the role it plays in the risk for many chronic diseases. The purpose of the study was to explore the feasibility of conducting a 12-week intervention utilizing a Fitbit to increase PA behavior in inactive rural adults recruited from a primary care clinic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with study participants (n=10) and a focus group was held with nurses (n=7) from the primary care clinic. Data were analyzed using the process of immersion/crystallization. Participants and nurses both felt the program had a positive impact on PA and that the program was needed in the community. Study participants most often reported their favorite part of the study was being able to track their activity as well as the goal setting. However, study participants reported barriers to continued participation in PA related to a lack of time and ability to be active in cold weather. Further, nursing staff reported barriers in regard to a lack of resources (staffing and money) These barriers need to be examined further and addressed in order to implement a sustainable PA program that can be maintained through a primary care clinic.  相似文献   
7.
In realist evaluation, where researchers aim to make program theories explicit, they can encounter competing explanations as to how programs work. Managing explanatory tensions from different sources of evidence in multi-stakeholder projects can challenge external evaluators, especially when access to pertinent data, like client records, is mediated by program stakeholders. In this article, we consider two central questions: how can program stakeholder motives shape a realist evaluation project; and how might realist evaluators respond to stakeholders’ belief-motive explanations, including those about program effectiveness, based on factors such as supererogatory commitment or trying together in good faith? Drawing on our realist evaluation of a service reform initiative involving multiple agencies, we describe stakeholder motives at key phases, highlighting a need for tactics and skills that help to manage explanatory tensions. In conclusion, the relevance of stakeholders’ belief-motive explanations (‘we believe the program works’) in realist evaluation is clarified and discussed.  相似文献   
8.
Porter and Kramer’s concept of creating shared value (CSV) has been welcomed as an approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR) among corporations that also provides a practical opportunity for dialogue in public relations, but it has been little examined from the general population’s (i.e., the public’s) perspective. Such scrutiny is important because its findings enable public relations to contribute to the debate and development of CSV from both the public’s and the organization’s viewpoints. Additionally, if public relations professionals understand how the public perceives CSV, they can give a strategic perspective to top management for maximizing moral capabilities of the business and formulate effective communication to promote CSV initiatives. This study investigates whether the public prefers corporations to practice CSV as opposed to intrinsic CSR as a separate pursuit from business interests. It also explores the role of leadership as an influential and ethical construct in implementing effective CSV as perceived by the public. The public’s preference for CSV over intrinsic CSR was revealed in a survey of 1784 participants in the United States (US), Germany, and China. Factor analysis results further suggested that effective CSV competencies of CEOs were construed as a unidimensional concept in the US, but German and Chinese participants viewed it as two-dimensional. The public perceived that leaders’ moral character played a more important, core role in effective CSV than did altruistic and behavioral attributes, across nations. Network analysis of the perceived effective CSV-characteristics provides further implications for CSV communication.  相似文献   
9.
当代知识论越来越重视认知价值的研究,但从认知价值角度去重新思考传统怀疑主义问题的研究却很少。历史上的怀疑主义者既认为我们无法拥有任何知识,又主张我们应该悬置判断。因此,他们不仅预设了一个高的知识标准,而且预设了一个价值标准:任何达不到知识标准的认知状态都是没有认知价值的。但这个价值标准是错误的,所以我们即使无法达到怀疑主义者所设定的知识标准,也不必悬置判断。假设怀疑主义者认为我们无法拥有任何知识,同时认可“有些达不到知识标准的认知状态也有认知价值”,那么怀疑主义就没有很大的威胁性,因为即使我们无法获取知识,也可以获得具有认知价值的东西,取得认知进步。此外,摩尔主义、语境主义、溯因主义这几种对怀疑主义的主要回应是否成功,最终都依赖于对认知价值的讨论。  相似文献   
10.
How do people respond to the ways in which insurance mediates environmental risks? Socio‐cultural risk research has characterized and analyzed the experiential dimension of risk, but has yet to focus on insurance, which is a key institution shaping how people understand and relate to risk. Insurance not only assesses and communicates risk; it also economizes it, making the problem on the ground not just one of risk, but also of value. This article addresses these issues with an investigation of the social life of the flood insurance rate map, the central technology of the U.S. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), as it grafts a new landscape of ‘value at risk’ onto the physical and social world of New York City in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. Like other risk technologies, ubiquitous in modern societies as decision‐making and planning tools, the map disseminates information about value and risk in order to tame uncertainty and enable prudent action oriented toward the future. However, drawing together interview, ethnographic, and documentary data, I find that for its users on the ground, the map does not simply measure ‘value at risk’ in ways that produce clear strategies for protecting property values from flooding. Instead, it puts values‐beyond simply the financial worth of places‐at risk, as well as implicates past, present, and future risks beyond simply flooding. By informing and enlarging the stakes of what needs protecting, and from what, I argue that plural and interacting ‘values at risk’ shape how people live with and respond to environmental risks that are mediated by insurance technologies.  相似文献   
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