Institutional voids,international learning effort and internationalization of emerging market new ventures

Much of the existing scholarly works portray institutional voids (IVs) in emerging economies as impeding forces against the development of new ventures. However, little attention has been paid to how such voids generate positive outcomes in emerging market new ventures. Drawing on the institutional theory, we propose IVs as crucial enablers of new venture internationalization. In addition, we investigate both how and when IVs enhance the degree to which new ventures internationalize by examining international learning effort (ILE) as a mediator and two domestic market environmental factors (i.e., environmental dynamism and competitive intensity) as important contingencies. We test our moderated mediation model using primary data gathered from 211 new ventures from Ghana. We found that ILE mediates the relationship between IVs and new venture internationalization and that both environmental dynamism and competitive intensity moderate the indirect relationship between home-country IVs and new venture internationalization. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this study.     

塑胶产品缩痕、 空洞产生原因及改善方法

缩痕与空洞是塑胶产品常见的产品质量问题,文章分析了其产生的原因,并提出相应的改善原则：包括修改产品几何特征、浇口位置及大小以及成型工艺参数等方面。同时采用均匀设计方法,利用Moldflow软件建立仿真模型,进行有限的仿真实验来获得较优的改善方案。最后通过实际产品案例进行了应用验证,结果表明该方法可有效地改善缩痕与空洞缺陷。