Migration and fuel use in rural Zambia

Population and Environment - What is the effect of migration on fuel use in rural Zambia? Opportunities to increase income can be scarce in this setting; in response, households may pursue a...     

Unconditional government social cash transfer in Africa does not increase fertility

Among policymakers, a common perception surrounding the effects of cash transfer programmes, particularly unconditional programmes targeted to families with children, is that they induce increased fertility. We evaluate the Zambian Child Grant Programme, a government unconditional cash transfer targeted to families with a child under the age of 5 and examine impacts on fertility and household composition. The evaluation was a cluster randomized control trial, with data collected over 4 years from 2010 to 2014. Our results indicate that there are no programme impacts on overall fertility. Our results contribute to a small evidence base demonstrating that there are no unintended incentives related to fertility due to cash transfers.     

韦伯“法律理想类型”在英国法中的困境及辩正

德国学者韦伯在运用其首创的"法律理性类型"概念进行比较法研究时,认为英国法不具备"法律理性类型"的"形式理性"特征,不能为社会带来必要的"确定性".然而,作为西方法律文明另一代表的英国法,其实际地位与作用却与韦伯的判断相左."法律理性类型"理论之所以在英国法分析中出现困境,原因在于韦伯把"形式理性"概念绝对化了,认为只有具备该特征的法律才能为社会提供必要的"确定性",才是"法律理性统治"所要求的法律形式.事实证明,英国法通过"遵循先例"的方式,同样能够获得"确定性".英国法是另一种符合"法律理性统治"的法律形式.     

A formula for P(bi≤Ri≤ai, 1≤i≤m) under a general class of alternatives

Let X_i≤?≤X_m and Y_i≤?≤Y_n be two sets of independent order statistics from continous distributions with distribution functions F and G respectively. Let R_i denote the rank of X_i in the combined order sample. Steck (1980) has found an expression for P(b_i≤R_i≤a_i, all i) when F = h(G), h being the incomplete beta function with parameters (α,β?α+1). An alternative expression for the same probability is obtained which is computationally a substantial improvement on Steck's result.     

A note on a modified double stage shrinkage estimator

A modified double stage shrinkage estimator has been proposed for the single parameter θ of a distribution function _Fθ. It is shown to be locally better in comparison to the usual double stage shrinkage estimator in the sense of smaller mean squared error in a certain neighbourhood of prior estimate θ_o of θ.     

A multiparameter extension of two stage modified shrinkage estimator

A multiparameter extension is made to modified two stage shrinkage estimator proposed by Handa andKambo (1990), For aparticular class of shrinkage estimator, the local optimality of the extended modified estimator is shown over the two stage shrinkage estimator defined by Bhattacharya and Prakasa Rao(1990) in terms of quadratic loss.     

Parenting skills and early childhood development: production function estimates from longitudinal data

Review of Economics of the Household - We provide evidence on the importance of specific inputs for child cognitive skills by estimating alternative specifications of the early childhood production...     

Financial planning and management of health programmes in India

In this paper, the author deals with the financial planning and control of health programmes in India. The techniques of cost-effectiveness analysis and of performance budgeting are highly useful aids to management for implementation of monitoring and review of performance of the programmes are also essential for gauging the progress.     

古希腊罗马为何成为宪政发源地

古希腊罗马是宪政发源地,但希腊罗马的宪政之路却不是历史的常态,而是特定条件造就的一种历史特例.首先,很少受到暴力干涉的自下而上的部族联合式建国道路,使得大量原始民主遗风得以保留下来,从而奠定了希腊罗马宪政的第一历史基石.其次,在国家建立之后,希腊罗马所特有的社会经济结构是完政得以维续和发展的物质基础,此间平民在反贵族斗争中采取的理性斗争方式是一个不容忽视的重要因素.最后,希腊罗马宪政的成功,还与较长时期内保持小国寡民式的国家形态密切相关.     

Power of a test for equality of k exponential location parameters

Kambo and Awad (1985) defined a test statistic based on doubly censored samples to test the equality of location parameters of K exponential distributions when their common scale parameter is unknown. The power function of the test is derived in this paper and some special cases are studied.