The need for family planning

The purpose of this paper is to examine the evidence on the need for family planning. The available evidence on current levels of unmet need for contraceptives, fertility preferences, and the non-contraceptive benefits of family planning is reviewed. I argue that expansion of family planning programs is still needed. These programs provide couples with tools to reach their desired family size; can significantly impact maternal and child mortality by decreasing fertility and optimizing child spacing; and by decreasing fertility, slow population growth. It is therefore imperative to continue to expand the provision of family planning services.     

User's demography and expectation regarding search, purchase and evaluation in mobile application store

This article is result from a questionnaire about mobile app store usage. The objective of this work was to collect information about user needs and opinion regarding search, purchase and evaluation process in Android Market, Apple App Store, BlackBerry App World and Nokia Ovi Store. The data collected was analyzed to identify the positive and negative usability aspects, if the process to perform these task are any different in those stores and if the users are satisfy with their store or if they have any complains about it. Its covers the brazilian market only.     

War,peace, and fertility in Angola

Using data from a nationally representative survey conducted in 1996, some two years after the end of a major outbreak of war, we examine the impact of war on the timing of recent births and war-related differences in reproductive preferences in Angola. We find evidence of a wartime drop and a postwar rebound in fertility, but these trends vary greatly, depending on the type and degree of exposure to war and on women's socioeconomic characteristics. At the same time, variations by parity are nonsignificant. In fertility preferences, the relative antinatalism of Angola's most modernized urban area stands out, but outside this area, differences between areas that were more and less affected by war are also noticeable. We offer interpretations of our findings and outline their implications for Angola's demographic future and demographic trends in similar settings.     

SNARES IN FAMILY THERAPY

Telephone calls after therapy sessions, concurrent individual treatment of family members, the offer of secret revelations, and the use of psychoactive drugs all involve issues and events that can be insidious to effective family therapy. Various tactics are presented which not only succeed in controlling these incidents, but which also use them as important occasions for therapeutic intervention within the model of family therapy developed by Selvini Palazzoli and her colleagues in Milan.     

Bootstrap and Other Resampling Methodologies in Statistics of Extremes

In Statistics of Extremes, the estimation of parameters of extreme or even rare events is usually done under a semi-parametric framework. The estimators are based on the largest k-ordered statistics in the sample or on the excesses over a high level u. Although showing good asymptotic properties, most of those estimators present a strong dependence on k or u with high bias when the k increases or the level u decreases. The use of resampling methodologies has revealed to be promising in the reduction of the bias and in the choice of k or u. Different approaches for resampling need to be considered depending on whether we are in an independent or in a dependent setup. A great amount of investigation has been performed for the independent situation. The main objective of this article is to use bootstrap and jackknife methods in the context of dependence to obtain more stable estimators of a parameter that appears characterizing the degree of local dependence on extremes, the so-called extremal index. A simulation study illustrates the application of those methods.