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1.
Lynette J. Chua Timothy Hildebrandt 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2014,25(6):1583-1605
The relationship between HIV/AIDS and gay activism has been primarily informed by the American experience and understudied in nondemocratic contexts. Drawing upon qualitative research on China and Singapore, we refine understanding of HIV/AIDS’ influence on the development of gay activism under authoritarian conditions, by examining the processes through which activist organizations interact with laws and regulations, political norms, HIV/AIDS funding, and government responses to both HIV/AIDS and collective organizing. We show how HIV/AIDS’ influence plays out in multiple patterns, depending on the strategic responses that gay activists select from a constrained range of options to shape their organizations’ destinies. Therefore, we provide insights for development agencies and international donors into whether and how international assistance intended to encourage activism and wider social change are mediated by political and legal controls on local activism. 相似文献
2.
Vertex betweenness centrality is a metric that seeks to quantify a sense of the importance of a vertex in a network in terms of its ‘control’ on the flow of information along geodesic paths throughout the network. Two natural ways to extend vertex betweenness centrality to sets of vertices are (i) in terms of geodesic paths that pass through at least one of the vertices in the set, and (ii) in terms of geodesic paths that pass through all vertices in the set. The former was introduced by Everett and Borgatti [Everett, M., Borgatti, S., 1999. The centrality of groups and classes. Journal of Mathematical Sociology 23 (3), 181–201], and called group betweenness centrality. The latter, which we call co-betweenness centrality here, has not been considered formally in the literature until now, to the best of our knowledge. In this paper, we show that these two notions of centrality are in fact intimately related and, furthermore, that this relationship may be exploited to obtain deeper insight into both. In particular, we provide an expansion for group betweenness in terms of increasingly higher orders of co-betweenness, in a manner analogous to the Taylor series expansion of a mathematical function in calculus. We then demonstrate the utility of this expansion by using it to construct analytic lower and upper bounds for group betweenness that involve only simple combinations of (i) the betweenness of individual vertices in the group, and (ii) the co-betweenness of pairs of these vertices. Accordingly, we argue that the latter quantity, i.e., pairwise co-betweenness, is itself a fundamental quantity of some independent interest, and we present a computationally efficient algorithm for its calculation, which extends the algorithm of Brandes [Brandes, U., 2001. A faster algorithm for betweenness centrality. Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25, 163] in a natural manner. Applications are provided throughout, using a handful of different communication networks, which serve to illustrate the way in which our mathematical contributions allow for insight to be gained into the interaction of network structure, coalitions, and information flow in social networks. 相似文献
3.
Surviving the aftermaths of the Asian Financial Crisis and SARS in 2003, Hong Kong’s economy has re-gained its momentum and
its economic growth has been quite remarkable too in recent few years. Nevertheless, as reflected by the Social Development
Index (SDI), economic growth in Hong Kong does not seem to have benefited the people of the city at large as we see social
qualities such as cohesion, security, equity, and empowerment are gradually eroded. This paper aims to summarize the current
state of social development in Hong Kong based on the SDI-2008 and identify the major social, political and economic challenges
that are confronted by Hong Kong. Based on the findings, a range of policy options proposed for promoting a more balanced
approach to social and economic development are discussed. The article illustrates the utility of social indicators research
such as the SDI in assessing quality of life and assisting related social planning initiatives in Asian communities such as
Hong Kong. 相似文献
4.
This paper examines the impact of immigrant status on home ownership in Australia. It shows that the rate of home ownership for most groups of immigrants is comparable to that of the Australian born. As expected, recently arrived immigrants have relatively low probabilities of owning their own home. These results hold for both analyses pooled across movers and non‐movers, and for analyses restricted to those, both immigrants and the native born, who moved residence in the previous five years. A decomposition of the estimated coefficients of the model of tenure choice is developed. This is shown to enhance understanding of variations in rates of home ownership across birthplace groups. 相似文献
5.
This paper extends the work of Gehrlein and Fishburn (1976) and Gehrlein (1982) by providing a general theorem relating to
the analytical representation of the probability of an event in a given space of profiles. It applies to any event characterized
by a set of linear inequalities regardless of whether the coefficients defining the inequalities are integer or fractional
coefficients. An algorithm for the probability calculation is also suggested. This suggested methodology is used to provide
a complete characterization of the vulnerability properties of the four scoring rules studied in Lepelley and Mbih (1994)
to manipulation by coalitions in a 3-alternative n-agent society.
Received: 21 October 1997/Accepted 19 November 1998 相似文献
6.
Tock H. Chua 《Researches on Population Ecology》1979,20(2):179-187
Summary The searching efficiencies of a primary parasite (Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh)) and a hyperparasite (Alloxysta brassicae (Ash.)) were investigated and compared. In both species, at all parasite densities, there was a curvilinear relationship (P<0.001) between the number of hosts parasitised and the host density. A linear regression (loga=logQ−m logP) was fitted for log area of discovery against log parasite density (P<0.001). The area of discovery for its immediate (i.e. primary) host (viz.Diaeretiella for the hyperparasite and aphid forDiaeretiella) is lower in the hyperparasite than in the primary parasite. InDiaeretialla both the searching efficiency and the mutual interference constant increased (but not significantly,P>0.05) in the presence of its males. 相似文献
7.
The relationship between the infestation rate of carambola fruits byBactrocera carambolae Drew and Hancock was investigated in a carambola orchard. Phenology of the fruits was found to influence percentage infestation
of fruits byB. carambolae. The proportion of unbagged or susceptible fruits infested varied with time of year and tended to decrease with the increase
of unbagged fruits available on the tree. The number of ovipunctures per fruit varied with fruit size and was also found to
be indicative of the number of adult insects (B. carambolae and parasitoids) that will emerge from each fruit. Higher number of susceptible fruits available on each tree also decreased
both the number of ovipunctures per fruit and the number of eggs laid per fruit, which could possibly be due to the strategy
of spreading the risk adopted by the femaleB. carambolae or a result of random selection with more hosts available. The main parasitoids recorded wereBiosteres vandenboschi (Fullaway) andB. arisanus (Sonan). The mean percentage of parasitism was 38.3% and it followed roughly that of infestation of fruits. 相似文献
8.
Using the concepts of ‘social capital deficit’ and ‘return deficit’, this study considers the social network aspects of social disadvantage among Malays in Singapore, as compared to Singaporean Chinese. Analysing a 2005 representative survey, we find Malays have less social capital than Chinese, a social capital deficit partly explained by their lower educational attainment. We find no return deficit in earnings: that is, every additional unit of social capital increases earnings equally for Chinese and Malays. However, we find return deficits in education: every additional unit of social capital (e.g. ties to educated parents) increases educational attainment more for Chinese than Malays. In all, this study offers a social capital explanation for Malay ‘plight’, complementing the more conventional explanations of human and economic capital. 相似文献
9.
Chua LY 《Journal of homosexuality》1999,36(3-4):99-112
Over the last decade, there has been an increasing number of western films which represent both homosexuals and Asian people. However, the homosexuals depicted in these films are often white, and the Asians are almost always heterosexual. In an attempt to account for the scarcity of western films containing Asian homosexuals, this paper aims to examine some of the common cinematic tropes and theoretical discourses used to depict and define both Asians and homosexuals. As one of the few feature-length films containing an Asian homosexual central character, Ang Lee's The Wedding Banquet will also be discussed. 相似文献
10.
Statistics and Computing - A common problem in Bayesian inference is the sampling of target probability distributions at sufficient resolution and accuracy to estimate the probability density and... 相似文献