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1.
Indices and orderings are developed for evaluating alternative strategies in the management of risk. They reflect the goals of reducing individual and collective risks, of increasing equity, and of assigning priority to the reduction and to the equity of high risks. Individual risk is defined as the (random or non-random) level of exposure to a danger. In particular the role of a lower negligibility level is investigated. A class of indices is proposed which involves two parameters, a negligibility level and a parameter of inequality aversion, and several interpretations of the indices are discussed. We provide a set of eight axioms which are necessary and sufficient for this class of indices, and we present an approach to deal with partial information on the parameters. 相似文献
2.
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are increasingly pervasive and continue to reshape our environment. This trend carries different risks. Therefore, the early sensitization of people to these risks, as well as improving their capacity for protective coping behavior, is essential. Based on the protection motivation theory (PMT), we examined with structural equation modeling the relationships between different components of threat and coping appraisal to explain protective and nonprotective responses. Calculations were performed with data from a representative survey on perception and use of ICT among German residents (N= 5,030). Our findings largely supported the proposed model: an increased perceived threat was positively related to the intentions to react protectively and nonprotectively. Perceived coping efficacy increased the protective and decreased the nonprotective responses. Negative affect enhanced the perceived threat and the nonprotective response, but inhibited protective intentions. The implications of these findings on how to sensitize people to the risks of these new technologies are outlined. 相似文献
3.
Karl Mosler 《Journal of Economic Inequality》2004,2(2):89-103
The paper investigates Lorenz dominance and generalized Lorenz dominance to compare distributions of economic status in one and several attributes. Restrictions of these dominance relations are developed that focus on central parts of the distributions and facilitate their comparison. 相似文献
4.
Karl Mosler 《Journal of Economic Inequality》2005,2(2):89-103
The paper investigates Lorenz dominance and generalized Lorenz dominance to compare distributions of economic status in one and several attributes. Restrictions of these dominance relations are developed that focus on central parts of the distributions and facilitate their comparison. 相似文献
5.
The subject of the present study is to analyze how accurately an elaborated price jump detection methodology by Barndorff-Nielsen
and Shephard (J. Financ. Econom. 2:1–37, 2004a; 4:1–30, 2006) applies to financial time series characterized by less frequent trading. In this context, it is of primary interest to understand
the impact of infrequent trading on two test statistics, applicable to disentangle contributions from price jumps to realized
variance. In a simulation study, evidence is found that infrequent trading induces a sizable distortion of the test statistics
towards overrejection. A new empirical investigation using high frequency information of the most heavily traded electricity
forward contract of the Nord Pool Energy Exchange corroborates the evidence of the simulation. In line with the theory, a
“zero-return-adjusted estimation” is introduced to reduce the bias in the test statistics, both illustrated in the simulation
study and empirical case. 相似文献
6.
PD Dr. phil. et dipl. zool. Hans-Joachim Mosler Robert Tobias 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2000,52(2):264-290
Computer simulations allow a more optimal organization of collective action. For this purpose, the present study followed an actor-centered approach, in which the actor’s decision to participate in collective action is modeled on the basis of an expansion of the Theory of Planned Behavior. The variables used in the model of the individual’s decision to participate in a collective action are attitude, return, subjective social norm, and perceived behavior control with regard to participation. With these four variables, various social scientific theories are integrated (Elaboration Likelihood Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Rational Choice Theory). These theories allow a conceptualization of interactions among individuals, and the effect of the active people, who seek to recruit others to participate in a collective action, can be studied. Simulations of a population of 10,000 individuals reveal the influence of the following factors on the effectiveness of collective action campaigns: different forms of recruitment by activators, the amount of contributions to the collective good of the participants, the size of the collective good, and the resources available to activators (training in persuasion methods, possibility to reward participants). Finally, simulation results are summarized in the form of recommendations for implementation when organizing collective action. 相似文献
7.
Karl Mosler 《Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv》2004,88(2):133-135
8.
The article investigates diagnostic procedures for finite mixture models. The problem is to decide whether given data stem from an exponential distribution or a finite mixture of such distributions. Recently, three new test approaches have been proposed, the modified likelihood ratio test (MLRT) by Chen et al. (2001), the ADDS test by Mosler and Seidel (2001), and the D-test by Charnigo and Sun (2004). The size and power of these tests are determined by Monte Carlo simulation and their relative merits are evaluated. We conclude that the ADDS test shows always not much less and under some alternatives, in particular lower contaminations, considerably more power than its competitors. Also, new tables for the ADDS test are provided. 相似文献
9.
The paper investigates diagnostic procedures for the specification of common hazard models in duration analysis. It is shown
that under mixed hazard specifications the survival functions of different subgroups cannot cross. A nonparametric test for
the crossing of two survival functions is provided and its applications in duration analysis are discussed. In particular,
the proportional hazard model with unobserved heterogeneity (PHU) is investigated, and procedures are developed to test whether
given data are consistent with the PHU model and whether they contain unobserved heterogeneity within the PHU specification.
Examples in which crossing survivals are of substantive concern are discussed, including the dynamics of infectious diseases
and the demand for vaccination. 相似文献
10.
Constructing indices of multivariate polarization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Multivariate indices of polarization are constructed to measure effects of non-income attributes like wealth and education.
Polarization is considered as the presence of groups which are internally homogeneous, externally heterogeneous, and of similar
size. We propose a class of polarization indices which is built from measures of relative groups size and from decomposable
indices of socio-economic inequality. For the latter, we employ the special inequality indices of Maasoumi (Econometrica 54:991–997,
1986), Tsui (J Econ Theory 67:251–265, 1995; Soc Choice Welf 16:145–157, 1999) and Koshevoy and Mosler (J Multivar Anal 60:252–276, 1997). Then, postulates for multidimensional polarization measurement are stated and discussed. The approach is illustrated by
an empirical application to the population of the East and West Germany with polarization defined on income and education. 相似文献