Relationship between duration of second stage of labour and postpartum anaemia

Aim

To assess the relationship between the duration of the second stage of labour and postpartum anaemia during vaginal birth.

Effects of variations in water quantity and quality in the structure and functions of invertebrates’ community of a Mediterranean urban stream

Urban Ecosystems - Urban streams provide important ecosystem services to cities’ population, from the maintenance of urban biodiversity, temperature, humidity and air quality to improving...     

Existence and Nash implementation of efficient sharing rules for a commonly owned technology

Suppose that a group of individuals owns collectively a technology which produces a consumption good by means of a (possibly heterogeneous) input. A sharing rule associates input contributions with a vector of consumptions that are technologically feasible. We show that the set of allocations obtained by any continuous sharing rule contains Pareto efficient allocations. We also present a mechanism that implements in Nash equilibrium the Pareto efficient allocations contained in an arbitrary sharing rule. Received: 29 June 1998/Accepted: 15 November 2000     

Career Concerns,Values, and Role Salience in Employed Men

This study tested Super's model of career adaptability by examining the relationships between career development concerns, values, and role salience among 881 men employed full-time in a cement factory. They responded to the Adult Career Concerns Inventory, the Values Inventory, and the Salience Inventory. The inter-correlations of the resulting scores were appropriately small and coincided with theoretical predictions. A principal components analysis clarified the latent structure of the relations between and among the scales. The results supported both Super's model of career adaptation and his model for Career Development Assessment and Counseling.     

Cross‐Cultural Perspectives on Career Assessment

The authors present an overview of the discussion and presentations that took place concerning techniques and assessment in educational and vocational guidance at the recent symposium International Perspectives on Career Development. Two topics were examined. The 1st focused on the theoretical foundations of and psychometric issues in career assessment. The 2nd focused on the practice of career assessment and the use of career measures, particularly in cultural contexts for which the measures were not originally developed.     

Measures to facilitate the reintegration of migrants upon return to their countries of origin

The main factors contributing to changes in the migratory movement of Portuguese citizens during recent years have been the suspension of permission to immigrate, restrictions placed in 1973-1974 on the entry of additional foreign workers, and the return and reintegration of Portuguese workers. Considerable attention has been devoted to reintegration problems that resulted from these changes. Some of the major problems identified include the unemployment level in the countries of emigration, the integration of returning migrants into local schools, the reduced possibilities for promotion, training and vocational education, lack of programs to develop migrants' regions of origin, and the lack of flexible credit. To counter these problems, Portugal has: 1) created the Representation and Consultation Cabinet to act in support of emigrants, to collect and update any relevant migration information, and to provide liaisons with public or private entities who have an essential role in reintegration; 2) set up the Migration Study Center; 3) decentralized services of the State Secretariat for Portuguese Communities; 4) held training courses on emigration subjects and developed audiovisual information to reach emigrants; 5) set up working groups to deal with various aspects of reintegration; 6) created regional development societies to guide the placement of migrants' savings; 7) exempted or reduced customs duties on the import of household furniture, utensils, and personal vehicles when the reintegration is final; 8) exempted or reduced customs duties on imported machines, instruments, and other capital equipment of migrants' small industries, as long as they continue the same industries in Portugal; 9) partially exempted the tax on capital as related to the interest on emigrants' short-term deposit accounts; 10) instituted changes in education that allow studies pursued in foreign schools, and earned diplomas or degrees to be accredited at the same level or assimilated to the corresponding Portuguese degrees; and 11) instituted supplementary classes teaching Portuguese to emigrants. Strengthening cooperation on multilateral and bilateral levels is essential in the future for creating better conditions and new opportunities for migrant workers and their families.     

“Consumer Confidence” Indexes as social indicators

Consumer Confidence Indexes can be sensibly used in economic and social research conducted in theoretical and methodological framework of social indicators research. They are good predictors of other attitudes, such as voting preferences. Voting preferences are determined much more strongly by expectations of changes in economic conditions than by evaluations of present situation. On the other hand, Consumer Sentiment Indexes — irrespective whether they concern future or present times — are correlated more strongly with leading than with coincident indexes of economic cycles. That proves very important role of predictions, expectations and hopes in attitude formation.