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Bertone AM 《Gender Issues》2000,18(1):4-22
A recent manifestation of the North/South, East/West political-economic divide is the international sex trade in women, of which trafficking in women for purposes of sexual employment is a large subset. Trafficking in humans in general, and women in particular, has taken center stage in many nation-states as an issue of a threat to national security and societal cohesion. This article explores some of the basic facts about trafficking and spotlights it as a truly global phenomenon, with its contemporary origins in the international capitalist market system. Furthermore, it argues that the international political economy of sex not only includes the supply side--the women of the third world, the poor states, or exotic Asian women--but it cannot maintain itself without the demand from the organizers of the trade--the men from industrialized and developing countries. The patriarchal world system hungers for and sustains the international subculture of docile women from underdeveloped nations. 相似文献
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This is the first in a series of articles stemming from Project Hope International's month long visit to Thailand in June
2002. Project Hope International is a non-governmental organization based in greater Washington, D.C., which fights against
child sexual exploitation and trafficking in girls and women into the international sex trade, specifically in Thailand and
the United States. Thailand undeniably deals with serious problems of child sexual abuse and exploitation, as well as trafficking
of children into the sex trade. However, the sex trade in Thailand today is not the same as it was thirty years ago. There
has been a gradual decrease in the numbers of Thai women and girls in the sex trade, and an increase in the numbers of females
from neighboring countries in the Mekong sub-region, as well as non-citizen, hill-tribe girls from Northern Thailand. The
goals of our research trip to Thailand were threefold: first, we wanted to learn about the current problems of the sex trade
and how they have changed over the last ten years; second, we wanted to visit the child welfare centers, and meet the most
prominent activists in Thailand who are targeting the political, social, and economic problems surrounding the child sex trade
in Thailand; and, finally, we wanted to be able to bring the information we acquired to dispel myths promulgated by many nearsighted
NGOs who work on trafficking issues.
In this article, problems of researching the sex trade in Thailand are discussed, and a brief overview of the current situation
surrounding the trafficking of females into Thailand is provided. In examining the extraordinary efforts of non-governmental
organizations and international organizations, we place these issues in the context of how Thailand fits into the broader
international anti-trafficking movement. We then provide some information on the most recent court cases that have prosecuted
sex offenders and pedophiles and look at some of the reasons why girls get involved in prostitution, albeit on an increasingly
voluntary basis in certain regions. Finally, evidence is provided that the government and police are slowly committing themselves
to fighting trafficking in females for sexual exploitation.
Christina Arnold is an undergraduate in the School of Public Affairs at American University, majoring in Political Science and Justice. Ms.
Arnold spent her childhood in Southeast Asia and as a result was drawn to a career in public service. She is the Executive
Director of Project Hope International (PHI), a non-for-profit organization, dedicated to combating human trafficking in the
U.S. and Thailand by partnering with organization that provide direct services to women and children in their receovery, repatriation,
and reintegration processes. She won a $20,000 grant from the Rockefeller Foundation in 2001 for research on human trafficking
in Thailand.
Andrea M. Bertone is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Govenment and Politics at the University of Maryland, College Park, where she is
writing her dissertation on the ways in which NGOs and international organizations cooperate in Thailand and Kosovo on anti-trafficking
projects. She is also the Associate Director of Project Hope Internation, an NGO in Washington, D.C., working on issues of
child prostitution and trafficking in females in Southeast Asia and the United States. She is the author of “International
Political Economy and the Politics of Sex,” Gender Issues 18 (1). She is the co-editor of numerous publications published by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars,
Washington, D.C.
We thank Sudarat Serewat of FACE for her invaluable help and time in Thailand. 相似文献
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Koehler-Platten Kate Grow Laura L. Schulze Kimberly A. Bertone Tara 《The Analysis of verbal behavior》2013,29(1):71-83
Shaping functional vocal language is difficult when an individual has not yet acquired an echoic repertoire and does not emit sufficient phonemes (i.e., speech sounds) for shaping. Few studies have evaluated interventions to increase the frequency and breadth of phonemes. The current study extended Esch, Esch, and Love (2009) by evaluating the effects of a Lag 1 reinforcement schedule on vocal variability and limiting the definition of variability to responses that incorporated a novel phoneme. For 2 of the 3 participants, the cumulative number of novel phonemes, the percentage of trials with variability, and the number of different phonemes emitted per session increased during the Lag 1 intervention phase. 相似文献
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Andrea Marie Bertone Ph.D. Candiate 《Gender Issues》1999,18(1):4-22
A recent manifestation of the North/South, East/West political-economic divide is the international sex trade in women, of
which trafficking in women for purposes of sexual employment is a large subset. Trafficking in humans in general, and women
in particular, has taken center state in many nation-states as an issue of a threat to national security and societal cohesion.
This article explores some of the basic facts about trafficking and spotlights it as a truly global phenomenon, with its contemporary
origins in the international capitalist market system. Furthermore, it argues that the international political economy of
sex not only includes the supply side—the women of the third world, the poor states, or exotic Asian women—but it cannot maintain
itself without the demand from the organizers of the trade—the men from industrialized and developing countries. The patriarchal
world system hungers for and sustains the international subculture of docile women from underdeveloped nations. 相似文献
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