Notes on L(1,1) and L(2,1) labelings for n-cube

Suppose \(d\) is a positive integer. An \(L(d,1)\) -labeling of a simple graph \(G=(V,E)\) is a function \(f:V\rightarrow \mathbb{N }=\{0,1,2,{\ldots }\}\) such that \(|f(u)-f(v)|\ge d\) if \(d_G(u,v)=1\) ; and \(|f(u)-f(v)|\ge 1\) if \(d_G(u,v)=2\) . The span of an \(L(d,1)\) -labeling \(f\) is the absolute difference between the maximum and minimum labels. The \(L(d,1)\) -labeling number, \(\lambda _d(G)\) , is the minimum of span over all \(L(d,1)\) -labelings of \(G\) . Whittlesey et al. proved that \(\lambda _2(Q_n)\le 2^k+2^{k-q+1}-2,\) where \(n\le 2^k-q\) and \(1\le q\le k+1\) . As a consequence, \(\lambda _2(Q_n)\le 2n\) for \(n\ge 3\) . In particular, \(\lambda _2(Q_{2^k-k-1})\le 2^k-1\) . In this paper, we provide an elementary proof of this bound. Also, we study the \(L(1,1)\) -labeling number of \(Q_n\) . A lower bound on \(\lambda _1(Q_n)\) are provided and \(\lambda _1(Q_{2^k-1})\) are determined.     

民俗与人情——论沈从文《萧萧》

沈从文的作品构筑了湘西的民俗风情画及人性善美面所展现的乡土人情,以此而言,的确和老舍、赵树理等出身于民间的作家一样有着描绘民间文化自由自在精神的本质。这些作家都善于运用民俗承载民间充满着清新刚健的生命情趣与活力;然而民俗并非全然正面,人情也未必美善。《萧萧》一文内容述及封建社会对女性带来极大精神创伤的“童养媳”习俗及民间以私法惩罚情感出轨者的陋习。沈从文综合了风土描写、人道主义与知识分子的批判,从“山山水水和人物风俗”的美善视角书写出《萧萧》中的悖反与颠覆。因成长环境使然,他善于将民俗风土运用于创作中,再加上受到来自周作人“人学”的影响,对社会上有违人道的事件有所反映。《萧萧》在沈从文“追求美善人性”的思考下,综合了看似矛盾的陋俗与乡土中的良善人情。     

通过多渠道就业实现农民增收的思考

当前,农民收入增加缓慢,甚至停滞不前是困扰社会主义新农村建设和构建社会主义和谐社会的主要瓶颈与关键制约因素,实现农民收入的持续稳定增长必须多管齐下,积极推进制度变迁,促进和帮助农民向传统农业部门、农村非农产业、城市服务业部门和城市现代工业分化、分流与转移,以实现收入增加和生活的富足.     

缩小城乡收入差距,推进社会主义新农村建设

改革开放以来,我国城乡居民收入呈现出扩大的趋势。加快农民收入增长,缩小城乡收入差距是统筹城乡社会经济发展,构建和谐社会的基础,对于农业乃至整个国民经济的发展具有重要意义,是推进社会主义新农村建设的关键。实现农民增收,应抓住主要矛盾,采取制度和政策创新、加快农村剩余劳动力转移、提高农民组织化程度以及农业产业结构调整和优化等措施。     

Integer-magic spectra of sun graphs

Let A be a non-trivial Abelian group. A graph G=(V,E) is A-magic if there exists a labeling f:E→A∖{0} such that the induced vertex set labeling f ⁺:V→A, defined by f ⁺(v)=∑f(uv) where the sum is over all uv∈E, is a constant map. The integer-magic spectrum of a graph G is the set IM(G)={k∈ℕ∣G is ℤ _k -magic}. A sun graph is obtained from an n-cycle, by attaching paths to each pair of adjacent vertices in the cycle. In this paper, we investigate the integer-magic spectra of some sun graphs. Dedicated to Prof. Frank K. Hwang, on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Supported by Faculty Research Grant, Hong Kong Baptist University.     

Power in consensus: Legitimacy,global value chains and inequality in telecommunications standard-setting

Power is central to GVC research, but the concept is usually restricted to ‘direct’ market power that generates rents. This paper examines ‘diffuse’ conceptualizations of power in GVCs that focus on social construction, arguing that they exist along a continuum from ‘fractured’ to ‘encompassing’. Then, empirically, it shows how different types of power intermix in telecommunications standard-setting from 1999 to 2021, using a comprehensive dataset of every finalized work item in 3GPP. Given powerful network effects in telecommunications, the industry is ripe for monopolistic rents and unequal value capture on a global scale. However, these are attenuated by a layering of power relations, and particularly, an intermediary form of social construction – legitimacy – which is the primary driver of telecommunications standard-setting, and a new type of constitutive power in GVCs, alongside governmentality and hegemony. This is illustrated by focusing on two major shifts in legitimacy in 3GPP – the rise of Huawei and network operators. The paper shows how power becomes layered with collective forms of power partially neutralizing inter-firm forms of dyadic power, which attenuates monopolistic value capture.     

Mental health in vietnam and the move to incorporate social work: A mixed methods study of staff perceptions and expectations

In 2010, Vietnam established social work as a profession. As part of their strategic plan, the government aims to incorporate social work into existing hospitals and health care facilities in the country, including psychiatric hospitals and mental health care centers. This paper, based upon survey and focus group data from 194 people working in three major mental health facilities in Hanoi, explores direct care staffs’ perceptions of this historic incorporation of social work, with a particular eye to the benefits and challenges of the transition. Results show most staff members thought social workers would provide great support to the many unmet needs of their largely underserved and impoverished patients. They also viewed social workers as a potential resource to the treatment team by reducing work overload. Existing staff, however, were less attuned to the clinical functions of social workers in mental health settings, often equating social work with community development and social movements. Some were concerned about social workers taking on their tasks; others about new social workers being hindered by the professional hierarchy in which doctors were placed at the top. Successful integration of social workers will hinge on strong support from policy-makers and leaders of mental health systems.     

Extramarital Sex Among Vietnamese Married Men: Results of a Survey in Urban and Rural Areas of Northern and Southern Vietnam

Research on extramarital sex (EMS) is commonly conducted from a perspective that implicitly understands this behavior as a violation of the marital relationship. In contrast, Vietnamese cultural norms have, at some points in history, condoned if not outright encouraged EMS in the name of preserving family lineage. Yet little is known about the prevalence of EMS among contemporary Vietnamese men and its association with marriage quality. This is a notable gap, given the enormous sociocultural and ideological shifts the country has experienced over the past several decades. Drawing upon a sample of 126 married men (Mean age = 45.56; SD = 10.52) surveyed in urban (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City) and rural areas (Ha Tay and Can Tho) in Vietnam, we examined the relationship between EMS and geographic region, demographic characteristics, sexual values, quality of marriage, and sexual satisfaction within marriage. Our results show that geographic location had a strong impact on EMS, while most marital relationship quality variables did not impact the odds of EMS for married men in Vietnam.     

Estimation and Model Selection for Left-truncated and Right-censored Lifetime Data with Application to Electric Power Transformers Analysis

In lifetime analysis of electric transformers, the maximum likelihood estimation has been proposed with the EM algorithm. However, it is not clear whether the EM algorithm offers a better solution compared to the simpler Newton-Raphson (NR) algorithm. In this article, the first objective is a systematic comparison of the EM algorithm with the NR algorithm in terms of convergence performance. The second objective is to examine the performance of Akaike's information criterion (AIC) for selecting a suitable distribution among candidate models via simulations. These methods are illustrated through the electric power transformer dataset.     

The determinants of price in online auctions: more evidence from unbalanced panel data

This study provides an alternative approach that takes account of the unobserved effects of each seller under a sample selection framework while using online auction data. We use data collected from Yahoo! Kimo Auction (Taiwan) to demonstrate that earlier empirical results of online auction studies may be biased due to violating the assumption of independence of the error terms between sample observations. Empirical findings show that seller reputation is no longer as the most important factor for buyers to bid on items, while the sample data confirm the unobserved heterogeneity of sellers and sample selection problem.