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1.
Leanne ten Brinke Stephen Porter Natasha Korva Katherine Fowler Scott O. Lilienfeld Christopher J. Patrick 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2017,41(3):269-287
Psychopathic individuals are characterized as “intra-species predators”—callous, impulsive, aggressive, and proficient at interpersonal manipulation. For example, despite their high risk for re-offending, psychopathic offenders often receive early release on parole. While reputed to be social chameleons, research suggests that even naive observers can accurately infer high levels of psychopathic traits in others with very brief exposures to behavior, but accuracy degrades with extended observation. We utilized a lens model approach to examine the communication styles (emotional facial expressions, body language, and verbal content) of offenders varying in levels of psychopathic traits using “thin slice” video clips of psychological assessment interviews and to reveal which cues observers use to inform their evaluations of psychopathy. Psychopathic traits were associated with more (a) Duchenne smiles, (b) negative (angry) emotional language, and (c) hand gestures (illustrators). Further, psychopathy was associated with a marked behavioral incongruence; when individuals scoring high in psychopathic traits engaged in Duchenne smiles they were also more likely to use angry language. Naïve observers relied on each of these valid behavioral signals to quickly and accurately detect psychopathic traits. These findings provide insight into psychopathic communication styles, opportunities for improving the detection of psychopathic personality traits, and may provide an avenue for understanding successful psychopathic manipulation. 相似文献
2.
Alan Fowler 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2012,23(1):5-25
International comparative research on civil society has subordinated Africa’s diversity and specificities to other geographies
and histories. Results are prejudiced global conceptualisations, questionable enumeration, problematic theory formulation
and ill-conceived approaches to development initiatives intended to make African civil society ‘stronger’ and states more
democratic. This article sets out a case for an endogenous approach to civil society enquiry as a political category sensitive
to the continent’s particularisms. In order to locate discussion about meanings, measures and measuring, a conceptual framework
for research is described which avoids conflation with other epistemologies. Such a contribution will assist in sharpening
thinking and discussion about the boundary characteristics of what is to be investigated. 相似文献
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Fowler Alan 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2002,13(3):287-300
This paper adopts a global perspective to review the current situation with respect to the systematic study of civil society. It locates the analysis in a geohistorical framework, arguing that, as a distinct area of scholarship, contemporary civil society research is a two-track post-Cold War phenomenon exhibiting major shortcomings. A new type of dedicated research financing and process of allocation could redress today's research limitations in ways that will beneficially cross-fertilize parallel approaches and epistemological traditions while increasing the spread of centers dedicated to such knowledge generation. The analysis leads to suggestions for a civil society research agenda and investment principles. 相似文献
6.
Kim Psaila Cathrine Fowler Sue Kruske Virginia Schmied 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2014,27(4):e51-e60
BackgroundThe transition of care (ToC) from maternity services, particularly from midwifery care to child and family health (CFH) nursing services, is a critical time in the support of women as they transition into early parenting. However significant issues in service provision exist, particularly meeting the needs of women with social and emotional health risk factors. These include insufficient resources, poor communication and information transfer, limited interface between private and public health systems and tension around role boundaries. In response some services are implementing strategies to improve the transition of care from maternity to CFH services.AimThis paper describes a range of innovations developed to improve transition of care between maternity and child and family health services and identifies the characteristics common to all innovations.MethodsData reported were collected in phase three of a mixed methods study investigating the feasibility of implementing a national approach to child and family health services in Australia (CHoRUS study). Data were collected from 33 professionals including midwives, child and family health nurses, allied health staff and managers, at seven sites across four Australian states. Data were analysed thematically, guided by Braun and Clarke's six-step process of thematic analysis.FindingsThe range of innovations implemented included those which addressed; information sharing, the efficient use of funding and resources, development of new roles to improve co-ordination of care, the co-location of services and working together. Four of the seven sites implemented innovations that specifically targeted families with additional needs. Successful implementation was dependent on the preliminary work undertaken which required professionals and/or organisations to work collaboratively.ConclusionImproving the transition of care requires co-ordination and collaboration to ensure families are adequately supported. Collaboration between professionals and services facilitated innovative practice and was core to successful change. 相似文献
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Frieda Fuchs 《Theory and Society》2010,39(1):69-107
Focusing on Alexandre Millerand’s reform of the French factory inspectorate, this article highlights the dilemmas of mezzo-level
administrative leadership and policy reform in states that have strong administrative capacity, but low public trust and weak
associational life. Building on the insights of theories of political and bureaucratic entrepreneurship derived from studies
of American political development, the article challenges their taken-for-granted assumptions and comparative applicability,
and demonstrates the explanatory potential of the older sociological institutionalism exemplified in the work of Philip Selznick.
In particular, the article highlights the unintended consequences of the formal and informal cooptation of targeted social
groups for the reputational autonomy of administrative leaders, the (re)definition of institutional mission, and organizational
success or failure. 相似文献
10.
On the inapproximability of the exemplar conserved interval distance problem of genomes 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Zhixiang Chen Richard H. Fowler Bin Fu Binhai Zhu 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2008,15(2):201-221
In this paper we present two main results about the inapproximability of the exemplar conserved interval distance problem
of genomes. First, we prove that it is NP-complete to decide whether the exemplar conserved interval distance between any
two genomes is zero or not. This result implies that the exemplar conserved interval distance problem does not admit any approximation
in polynomial time, unless P=NP. In fact, this result holds, even when every gene appears in each of the given genomes at most three times. Second, we strengthen
the first result under a weaker definition of approximation, called weak approximation. We show that the exemplar conserved
interval distance problem does not admit any weak approximation within a super-linear factor of
, where m is the maximal length of the given genomes. We also investigate polynomial time algorithms for solving the exemplar conserved
interval distance problem when certain constrains are given. We prove that the zero exemplar conserved interval distance problem
of two genomes is decidable in polynomial time when one genome is O(log n)-spanned. We also prove that one can solve the constant-sized exemplar conserved interval distance problem in polynomial
time, provided that one genome is trivial. 相似文献