Fair Trade Certification: The Case of Tea Plantation Workers in India

This article analyses the impact of Fair Trade certification by focusing on its interactions with the patron–client relations traditionally established between management and workers in tea plantations in India. It argues that the invisibility of Fair Trade among workers, which generally reinforces existing patron–client relations through Fair Trade premiums, inversely hides the patronage of the management, and that workers are empowered when a premium is invested in a community development project led by an independent third‐party organisation.     

Bayesian,MLE, and GMM Estimation of a Spot Rate Model

ABSTRACT

We develop Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for estimating the parameters of the short-term interest rate model. Using Monte Carlo experiments we compare the Bayes estimators with the maximum likelihood and generalized method of moments estimators. We estimate the model using the Japanese overnight call rate data.     

A Monte Carlo comparison of Jarque–Bera type tests and Henze–Zirkler test of multivariate normality

In the paper, tests for multivariate normality (MVN) of Jarque-Bera type, based on skewness and kurtosis, have been considered. Tests proposed by Mardia and Srivastava, and the combined tests based on skewness and kurtosis defined by Jarque and Bera have been taken into account. In the Monte Carlo simulations, for each combination of p = 2, 3, 4, 5 number of traits and n = 10(5)50(10)100 sample sizes 10,000 runs have been done to calculate empirical Type I errors of tests under consideration, and empirical power against different alternative distributions. Simulation results have been compared to the Henze–Zirkler’s test. It should be stressed that no test yet proposed is uniformly better than all the others in every combination of conditions examined.     

3个品种雏鸡急性大肠杆菌病的病理解剖及血清型鉴定

对３ 个品种雏鸡大肠杆菌病作了病理解剖、实验室检验和血清型鉴定，结果表明：该病在雏鸡急性发作时肝脏肿大，点状及斑状出血，表面有灰白色坏死点；十二指肠肠管变薄，粘膜发黄，出血明显，肠腔中有较多的乳糜状液体。肾脏出血明显。病原的血清型主要为Ｏ７８ ，Ｏ１ ，Ｏ９ 三个菌株     

Teaching Note—Asserting Social Work’s Role in Developing an Interprofessional Education Project

ABSTRACT

Interprofessional (IP) education is an essential component of today’s health care education. IP education has been recognized and supported for its potential to educate workforce-ready health care clinicians with the knowledge and skills, necessary to collaboratively deliver high-quality, client-centered care. While social work’s reflective, patient-centered, and holistic approach to care is invaluable in addressing healthcare challenges at all levels, social work’s lack of involvement in IP health care team practice is evident in the development of IP education curriculum with other health care disciplines. This article describes how one School of Social Work at a regional public university became part of a longitudinal IP education project in collaboration with a large R-1 research university, creating an IP opportunity for Master’s in Social Work (MSW) students. It also discusses the process taken for social work inclusion in the IP project, an experiential elective course designed to supplement the project, as well as Transformative Learning Theory, the conceptual framework used.     

Down and Down We Go: Trust and Compliance in South Korea*

Objective Sociopolitical value orientations in South Korea have changed dramatically throughout the post‐World War II period, primarily as a function of intergenerational change and rising levels of education. This article investigates the impact of value change on political cynicism and noncompliance. Methods This research analyzes data from the three waves of the World Values Surveys from 1982 to 1995. Results The findings indicate that there had been a general pattern of spreading public distrust of both social and political institutions between Koreans and that more elite‐challenging forms of political participation showed the predicted increase as well. Also found are different predictors of our two dependent variables: for political cynicism, those with a higher education and/or more libertarian values were more cynical of political institutions; for protest potential, citizens who are better educated, young, more libertarian, and more active in the political process were more likely to exhibit a greater potential to involve themselves in protest activities. Conclusions The research findings conclude that value change has played a central role in interpreting the sociopolitical world, and thus in minimizing the public's faith in key political and private institutions in Korea.     

大兴安岭岭南地区迪卡贝鸡防疫工作模式化管理研究初报

本文以在大兴安岭岭南地区引进饲养的迪卡员沃褐壳蛋鸡出现大批死亡的事实为背景，通过四年的小区试验、大面积示范、试验，研究出适合于在岭南地区饲养的迪卡贝鸡的卫生防疫模式化管理体系，使鸡的育成率由原来的６４．６％提高到９９．１％，产生了明显的经济效益与社会效益。     

Bootstrap diagnostics and remedies

Bootstrap diagnostics are used to assess the reliability of bootstrap calculations and may suggest useful modified calculations when these are possible. Concern focuses on susceptibility to peculiarities in data, incorrectness of a resampling model, incorrect use of resampling simulation output, and inherent inaccuracy of the bootstrap approach. The last involves issues such as inconsistency of a bootstrap method, the order of correctness of a consistent bootstrap method, and approximate pivotality. The authors review here some of these problems, provide workable diagnostic methods where possible, and discuss fast and simple ways to effect the necessary computations.