"广松哲学"的发生学研究

日本哲学家广松涉认为,中国与日本可以相互协作,发掘出与欧洲的“实体主义”相对应的、在亚洲生长起来的“关系主义”思想,并将之体系化。当今,我们面临着近代世界观的全面的解体期,必须扬弃“近代”世界观的根本图式本身,从认识论的立场来说,就是要超越近代的“主观-客观”图式,建构新的认识论。同时,可以从对近代世界观的超越这一观点来重新理解马克思,从而探讨超越“人本主义”与“科学主义”对立的途径。     

Performance characteristics of the adjusted r2 algorithm for determining the start of the terminal disposition phase and comparison with a simple r2 algorithm and a visual inspection method

The adjusted r² algorithm is a popular automated method for selecting the start time of the terminal disposition phase (t_z) when conducting a noncompartmental pharmacokinetic data analysis. Using simulated data, the performance of the algorithm was assessed in relation to the ratio of the slopes of the preterminal and terminal disposition phases, the point of intercept of the terminal disposition phase with the preterminal disposition phase, the length of the terminal disposition phase captured in the concentration‐time profile, the number of data points present in the terminal disposition phase, and the level of variability in concentration measurement. The adjusted r² algorithm was unable to identify t_z accurately when there were more than three data points present in a profile's terminal disposition phase. The terminal disposition phase rate constant (λ_z) calculated based on the value of t_z selected by the algorithm had a positive bias in all simulation data conditions. Tolerable levels of bias (median bias less than 5%) were achieved under conditions of low measurement variability. When measurement variability was high, tolerable levels of bias were attained only when the terminal phase time span was 4 multiples of t_1/2 or longer. A comparison of the performance of the adjusted r² algorithm, a simple r² algorithm, and t_z selection by visual inspection was conducted using a subset of the simulation data. In the comparison, the simple r² algorithm performed as well as the adjusted r² algorithm and the visual inspection method outperformed both algorithms. Recommendations concerning the use of the various t_z selection methods are presented.     

Criteria for reporting noncompartmental estimates of half‐life and area under the curve extrapolated to infinity

Various criteria have been proposed for determining the reliability of noncompartmental pharmacokinetic estimates of the terminal disposition phase half‐life (t_1/2) and the extrapolated area under the curve (AUC_extrap). This simulation study assessed the performance of two frequently used reportability rules: the terminal disposition phase regression adjusted‐r² classification rule and the regression data point time span classification rule. Using simulated data, these rules were assessed in relation to the magnitude of the variability in the terminal disposition phase slope, the length of the terminal disposition phase captured in the concentration‐time profile (data span), the number of data points present in the terminal disposition phase, and the type and level of variability in concentration measurement. The accuracy of estimating t_1/2 was satisfactory for data spans of 1.5 and longer, given low measurement variability; and for spans of 2.5 and longer, given high measurement variability. Satisfactory accuracy in estimating AUC_extrap was only achieved with low measurement variability and spans of 2.5 and longer. Neither of the classification rules improved the identification of accurate t_1/2 and AUC_extrap estimates. Based on the findings of this study, a strategy is proposed for determining the reportability of estimates of t_1/2 and area under the curve extrapolated to infinity.     

How do private entrepreneurs transform local social capital into economic capital? Four case studies from rural Denmark

Bourdieu's (1986) General Theory of the Economy of Practices assumes that people perpetually transform tangible and intangible forms of capital according to certain ‘laws of conversion’. On this background, and combining sociology and micro-economics, we analyze specific strings of capital conversion in time and space. More specifically, we raise the question: How do private entrepreneurs transform local social capital into economic capital? We combine in-depth interviews with four private entrepreneurs in rural Denmark with Prisoner's Dilemma game theory. Thus each of our cases illustrates one of the outcomes in the PD matrix. In this way we explain why only one of the four entrepreneurs succeeds in capitalizing social capital.     

The dynamics of multicultural values of Banuroja community in building social integration a socio-cultural ethnographic study in Gorontalo

ABSTRACT

This research is prompted by the researchers’ concern with the problems of this nation that seem to have no end, as can be seen in the various social conflicts related to ethnicity, religion, and race, due to intolerance to the diversity of society. Therefore, it is important to build social integration in this multicultural society through the preservation of cultural values, as has been practiced by the community of Banuroja. This research aims to describe the dynamics of the multicultural values of Banuroja people in building social integration in their community. The research approach is qualitative by using ethnographic study method. The results illustrate that the dynamics of the multicultural values of Banuroja community can build social integration in society in terms of: 1) Emphasizing the identity of cultural diversity; 2) Accepting and understanding the cultural diversity; and 3) Applying the principles in a multicultural social life, e.g., sensitivity and equality.