Dyadic Analyses of Preschool‐aged Children's Friendships: Convergence and Differences between Friendship Classifications from Peer Sociometric Data and Teacher's Reports

Peer sociometrics and teachers' friendship reports were compared in 2179 preschool dyads. One hundred twenty of 306 reciprocated friend dyads from peer sociometric data were also identified as good friends by their classroom teachers, and 301 of 600 of non‐reciprocated dyads in peer data were named as friends by one or both classroom teachers (overall kappa = .16). Friendship classifications from both peer and teacher data had significant relations with variables relevant to peer interactions, social skills, peer acceptance, and teacher‐rated scales (six of seven tests significant for peer data; five of eight significant for teacher data). Multilevel analyses indicated that friendship status effects were not qualified by classroom‐level differences. Findings suggest that sociometric tasks can identify preschoolers' peer friendships and that the range of correlates may be broader in peer‐choice data than in teachers' friendship evaluations.     

Specific Cases,Techniques and Approaches: Talking Pictures in Family Therapy

This article presents a case study on the use of arts‐based resources in family therapy to help children and their post‐separation families describe their experience, communicate and collaborate with each other, witness and learn about each other, and develop their individual and family well‐being.     

风险投资退出方式的灰色决策和层次分析

风险投资退出机制在风险投资的运作过程中具有重要地位,本文基于风险投资的效益最大化原则,运用灰色理论对风险投资退出方式进行决策分析,然后用层次分析法对IPO、并购、管理层回购和清算四种方式进行评价.从而为研究风险投资资金的退出时机和退出方式提供参考.     

进展期胃癌术后三维适形放疗同步替吉奥化疗的临床观察

目的：探讨进展期胃癌术后三维适形放疗同步替吉奥化疗的不良反应及近期疗效。方法对32例进展期胃癌术后患者行同步放化疗：采用三维适形放疗（3DCRT）技术,靶区包括瘤床和区域淋巴引流区,放疗总剂量（ DT）46Gy/23Fx;同期口服替吉奥胶囊,60mg/次,2次/日,28天。观察毒性反应、肿瘤局部复发情况和1年生存率。结果32例患者随访率100％,1＋2、3级白细胞减少发生率分别为78．13％,15．63％;1＋2、3级恶心、呕吐发生率分别为62．50％、3．13％。1年总生存率、无复发生存率和局部控制率分别为87．50％,81．25％和90．63％。3例3级骨髓移制,1例3级恶心、呕吐,其余均为1～2级不良反应。结论进展期胃癌术后采用3DCRT联合替吉奥同步放化疗,患者不良反应可耐受,近期疗效较好。     

Unraveling the Relationship of Distress Levels Within Couples: Common Stressors, Empathic Reactions, or Crossover via Social Interaction?

Using structural equation modeling analyses weexamined the correlation in levels of depressionsymptoms within couples to determine whether theunderlying mechanism is due to common stressors,empathic reactions, or crossover via social interaction.The analyses were based on two waves of data collectionfrom a sample of 354 male Vietnam veterans, Era veterans(veterans who served elsewhere during the period of the Vietnam War), and nonveterans andfrom their wives or committed partners. The resultsdemonstrated that the correlation in depression symptomswithin couples is due primarily to common stressors and crossover via negative social interaction.Common stressful life events increase depression in bothspouses, and this in turn increases social undermining,which further increases depression.     

The older lesbian

This research uncovers a pattern of support and the existence of a relationship network that runs strongly counter to the stereotyped view that lesbians in later life find themselves friendless and without support. The hypothesis that the older lesbian has developed friendship networks to replace missing or weak kin ties is substantiated. The findings are based on 20 in-depth, structured interviews with lesbians whose ages range from 50 to 73.     

A New Goodness-of-Fit Test Based on the Empirical Characteristic Function

In this article, we present a goodness-of-fit test for a distribution based on some comparisons between the empirical characteristic function c_n(t) and the characteristic function of a random variable under the simple null hypothesis, c₀(t). We do this by introducing a suitable distance measure. Empirical critical values for the new test statistic for testing normality are computed. In addition, the new test is compared via simulation to other omnibus tests for normality and it is shown that this new test is more powerful than others.     

A New Generalized Exponential Geometric Distribution

In this article, another version of the generalized exponential geometric distribution different to that of Silva et al. (2010 Silva , R. B. , Barreto-Souza , W. , Cordeiro , G. M. ( 2010 ). A new distribution with decreasing, increasing and upside-down bathtub failure rate. Computat. Statist. Data Anal. 54: 935–944 . [Google Scholar]) is proposed. This new three-parameter lifetime distribution with decreasing, increasing, and bathtub failure rate function is created by compounding the generalized exponential distribution of Gupta and Kundu (1999 Gupta , R. D. , Kundu , D. ( 1999 ). Generalized exponential distributions . Austral. NZ J. Statist. 41 ( 2 ): 173 – 188 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) with a geometric distribution. Some basic distributional properties, moment-generating function, rth moment, and Rényi entropy of the new distribution are studied. The model parameters are estimated by the maximum likelihood method and the asymptotic distribution of estimators is discussed. Finally, an application of the new distribution is illustrated using the two real data sets.