Household Assets,the Role of Government Assistance,and Depression Among Low-Income Families in Shanghai

As China’s economy is rapidly changing from a planned to a capitalist economy, many families find themselves financially struggling. In some cases, conflicting values and attitudes may contribute to mental health challenges such as depression that would lead to further feelings of helplessness and immobilization. Using a random sample of 1006 low-income households from Pudong District of Shanghai, China, this study aims to examine the relationships between household assets, beliefs about government as the primary way to improve economic circumstances and self-reported depressive symptoms. In addition, this study investigates the mediation effects of beliefs that government is the best change agent for improved life circumstances on the relationship between household assets and depression. We found those who indicated that government was the main means for attaining a better life had significantly higher depression levels whereas higher numbers of household assets were associated with lower depression levels. We also found that viewing government as the most important change agent only partially mediated the relationship between household assets and depression (p?<?.001). Findings from this study support anti-poverty policies and social work related practice initiatives aimed at assisting low income families in China, in particular the need to address psychological as well as economic needs.

     

论悔捐行为的无责理由、责任要件与风险防范

捐献骨髓的允诺也构成了一种有限的义务,它不能强制履行;违背义务也只能请求损害赔偿,而非负完全的法律责任,否则就会造成对共同善的普遍伤害。能够成为法律规制对象的是义务的道德,捐献骨髓属于愿望的道德,不宜课以直接的赔偿责任,赔偿的限度与条件还应当充分考虑到愿望的道德对于赔偿责任的影响和限制,并在某些条件下转化赔偿的主体。考虑到人所具有的"有限利他主义和有限理解力与意志力"的人性事实,最好把拒捐的可能性作为常规的医疗风险来认识,并需要在法律制度设计上采取一些可行的措施降低悔捐的几率,降低非理性行为对人类生活的影响。     

民族记忆与文化基因--瑶族民族记忆中“中华民族共同体”文化基因的表征及其价值阐释

民族记忆既是传承民族文化基因的载体,也是彰显民族文化基因的重要文化表征。民族记忆作为延续民族历史和文化基因的内在根基,通过传承民族历史文化、建构民族身份、塑造民族形象等形式传承和彰显民族文化基因的内在特征。以瑶族为代表的少数民族文化基因是中华民族文化基因的重要组成部分,深入挖掘瑶族民族记忆中蕴含的“中华民族共同体”文化基因,并阐释其内在的价值与意义,对培育和铸牢我国各民族的“中华民族共同体”意识有着重要的理论价值与现实意义。     

"人因"--现代灾害的主要致灾源

1999年自然灾害频发,如台湾、土耳其、希腊的大地震,苏丹、柬埔寨等地的洪水,肆虐美国的飓风……据联合国再保险公司的穆尼黑·雷先生统计,20世纪90年代全球自然灾害数量是60年代的3倍.地处伦敦的格赖恩灾害研究中心的科学家们分析,20世纪60年代和70年代,是全球地震相对沉寂的时期,人们对地震逐渐放松了警惕,很多富人在地震活跃带大兴土木,人口逐渐密集.因而土耳其等地的地震使那么多人伤亡,亦不足为奇.     

浅析语境的作用及影响语境的因素

语境对交际双方的语言运用起制约和解释两种作用。说话人要选择适合语境的语言表达形式 ;听话人则借助语境弥补对话中省略的推理过程 ,或在有歧义的情况下选择词义。背景知识的多寡和相关性的高低是影响语境的重要因素。语境伴随语篇和交际而产生 ,并随着交际的推进层层展开 ,因而语境是动态的。交际者可以借助已有语境理解语篇 ,也可以主动地利用各种手段创造有利于交际的语境。     

Spatial variation in soil inorganic nitrogen across an arid urban ecosystem

We explored variations in inorganic soil nitrogen (N) concentrations across metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, and the surrounding desert using a probability-based synoptic survey. Data were examined using spatial statistics on the entire region, as well as for the desert and urban sites separately. Concentrations of both NO₃-N and NH₄-N were markedly higher and more heterogeneous amongst urban compared to desert soils. Regional variation in soil NO₃-N concentration was best explained by latitude, land use history, population density, along with percent cover of impervious surfaces and lawn, whereas soil NH₄-N concentrations were related to only latitude and population density. Within the urban area, patterns in both soil NO₃-N and NH₄-N were best predicted by elevation, population density and type of irrigation in the surrounding neighborhood. Spatial autocorrelation of soil NO₃-N concentrations explained 49% of variation among desert sites but was absent between urban sites. We suggest that inorganic soil N concentrations are controlled by a number of ‘local’ or ‘neighborhood’ human-related drivers in the city, rather than factors related to an urban-rural gradient.     

科学家的精神动力与爱国主义

一、科学家献身国防的精神动力爱因斯坦曾在普朗克六十寿诞的庆祝会上指出有三种科学探索的动机:“在科学的庙堂里有许多房舍,住在里面的人真是各式各样,而引导他们到那里去的动机实在也各不相同。有许多人所以爱好科学,是因为科学给他们以超乎常人的智力上的快感,科学是他们自己的特殊娱乐,他们在这种娱乐中寻求生动活泼的经验和雄心壮志的满足;在这座庙堂里,另外还有许多人所以把他们的脑力产物奉献在祭台上,为的是纯粹功利的目的……对于这些人来说,只要有机会,人类活动的任何领域他们都会去干;他们究竟成为工程师,官吏,商人,还是科学家,…     

论中国的法律移植问题

自改革开放以来 ,中国法律制度的发展可谓日趋完善。在这个发展过程中 ,法律移植起到了不可忽视的促进作用。在法律移植过程中应注意国外法与本国法之间的同构性和兼容性 ,做到有选择地移植 ;移植过来的法律还要面临一个“本土化”的过程 ;移植法律的同时必须注意植入与之相适应的法律精神、意识和观念。从而迅速缩小与发达国家的差距 ,促进我国法制的现代化。     

汉藏美术比较研究

本文主要比较分析了汉藏两民族美术创作诸方面的相同之处和不同之处。作者认为，梳理两者的长与短是为了二者互相学习，互相交流，取长补短，使各自的美术创作获得更大的发展。