社会学民族志的力量:重返早期社会研究的田野工作

自20世纪70年代以来，社会学民族志在田野工作和叙事复兴中与传统人文学汇聚，显著扩展了自己的学科边界。但是，这种扩展并没有解决社会学民族志在深度的经验发生和强烈的理论诉求之间遭遇的紧张。对于这种紧张，本文主张再访早期社会研究的田野，即19世纪末期到一战之前的若干典型研究，从中反思早期社会学田野工作是如何在“直接经验”的倾向中完成类型化，以及如何在这个经验感获得的同时改变对社会世界的道德想象。早期社会学的田野工作的力量之一不在于以规范的诉求压制经验感，而是以独特的情感结构连接经验的观察和道德理想的重生。由此，我们不仅需要反思诸如社会调查到社区研究这样的简单思路，更要重新理解理论史上所谓的“进步主义式”的道德本身。这一工作对重新认识早期社会研究和今天的社会学民族志都具有意义上的准备。     

工伤保险行政案件审理问题研究

近年来,人民法院审理的劳动保障行政案件数量逐年上升。在劳动保障案件中,数量最多、问题最为突出的是工伤保险案件,涉及工伤的认定、工伤保险待遇的发放等诸多方面。本文是江苏省高级人民法院行政审判庭与江苏省劳动保障厅一起在进行了大量调研的基础上形成了《劳动和社会保障行政案件审理的调研报告》,这里只选登了有关工伤保险部分的内容。该部分系统性地总结了工伤认定的原则及工伤案件审理中应当注意的问题;本文对法学理论的分析应用也有着独特的视角,对社会法理论与司法实践相结合作了较好的探索。     

晚唐诗歌否定评价的当代反思

从唐末至今 ,论者对晚唐诗大多持否定态度。反思这种带有明显历史惯性的批评现象 ,不难发现 ,不是晚唐诗缺乏思想价值和艺术魅力 ,而是其出现的异于此前诗坛的人生哲学、生活情趣、审美情趣、艺术思维和艺术风格 ,不仅使那些视文学为伦理、政治奴婢的封建文学观念批评者难以认同 ,也使那些对思想文化史发展缺乏认识和分析的批评者 ,难以理解出现在晚唐诗中的种种变化 ,因而导致千余年来的批评失误     

经济社会发展水平对人才资源开发的制约--四川阿坝藏族羌族自治州人才资源开发个案分析

阿坝州是四川民族地区中经济社会发展状况较好的地区,但就全省而言,其经济发展水平仍然较低.这种低水平的发展状况是制约该州人才资源开发的主要因素,不仅制约了当地人才观的更新,人才的流动和稳定,还导致人才配置格局严重失衡.只有树立科学的人才观,完善和健全机制,创造和谐宽松的人才政策环境,并采取种种保障措施,才能让人才进得来、留得住,实现人才资源的合理开发.     

控制给水管网的漏损

由于管网运行压力、管材、施工质量、地质和气候条件等因素产生的给水管网漏损,给供水行业造成严重的损失。企业除通过管道的更新改造、调整管网压力、经常采用区域检漏等方法确定漏点外,还可根据具体情况建立给水管网监控和数据采集、管网地理信息等系统,对管网进行实时监控和管理。     

Dyadic Analyses of Preschool‐aged Children's Friendships: Convergence and Differences between Friendship Classifications from Peer Sociometric Data and Teacher's Reports

Peer sociometrics and teachers' friendship reports were compared in 2179 preschool dyads. One hundred twenty of 306 reciprocated friend dyads from peer sociometric data were also identified as good friends by their classroom teachers, and 301 of 600 of non‐reciprocated dyads in peer data were named as friends by one or both classroom teachers (overall kappa = .16). Friendship classifications from both peer and teacher data had significant relations with variables relevant to peer interactions, social skills, peer acceptance, and teacher‐rated scales (six of seven tests significant for peer data; five of eight significant for teacher data). Multilevel analyses indicated that friendship status effects were not qualified by classroom‐level differences. Findings suggest that sociometric tasks can identify preschoolers' peer friendships and that the range of correlates may be broader in peer‐choice data than in teachers' friendship evaluations.     

耿孟刚作品欣赏

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DECISION TIME,CONSIDERATION TIME,AND STATUS QUO BIAS

Economists increasingly appreciate the value of studying the time taken to make decisions in order to provide insights into decision makers' choices. This article shows that studying how time is allocated among individual options is also valuable in helping researchers to understand the impact default options have on decision makers' attention allocation, as approximated by how the time is allocated. The study of this impact generates new insights into the well‐known choice phenomenon of status quo bias, which typically refers to decision makers' tendency to stick to a default option. By designing a series of novel experiments, I find that this bias arises even when the choice is among prizes of fixed monetary value expressed in arithmetic form. I also find asymmetric attention (i.e., more time devoted to default options) and strikingly asymmetric choice errors; specifically, decision makers fail to select an alternative better than the default 28% of the time, while they incorrectly select an alternative worse than the default only 11% of the time; and provide evidence supporting a causal relationship between asymmetric attention and asymmetric errors. (JEL D03, D12, D83)     

Robust Bayesian nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling of time to positivity in tuberculosis trials

Early phase 2 tuberculosis (TB) trials are conducted to characterize the early bactericidal activity (EBA) of anti‐TB drugs. The EBA of anti‐TB drugs has conventionally been calculated as the rate of decline in colony forming unit (CFU) count during the first 14 days of treatment. The measurement of CFU count, however, is expensive and prone to contamination. Alternatively to CFU count, time to positivity (TTP), which is a potential biomarker for long‐term efficacy of anti‐TB drugs, can be used to characterize EBA. The current Bayesian nonlinear mixed‐effects (NLME) regression model for TTP data, however, lacks robustness to gross outliers that often are present in the data. The conventional way of handling such outliers involves their identification by visual inspection and subsequent exclusion from the analysis. However, this process can be questioned because of its subjective nature. For this reason, we fitted robust versions of the Bayesian nonlinear mixed‐effects regression model to a wide range of TTP datasets. The performance of the explored models was assessed through model comparison statistics and a simulation study. We conclude that fitting a robust model to TTP data obviates the need for explicit identification and subsequent “deletion” of outliers but ensures that gross outliers exert no undue influence on model fits. We recommend that the current practice of fitting conventional normal theory models be abandoned in favor of fitting robust models to TTP data.