T.奥伊则尔曼的《主要哲学流派(哲学史过程的理论分析)》一书简介

本专著有导言、4章和结束语,它是对哲学史过程的理论研究和对当前最有影响的唯心主义哲学概念的批判性分析,作者是根据辩证唯物主义的哲学史观来进行这种研究和分析的。第一章:《哲学基本问题的含义和意义》。在我国著作中所流行的关于哲学对象和哲学基本问题一致的论断是不合理的。这种混淆是同毫无根据地扩大解释哲学基本问题     

装我入篮

一天,杰西、杰米和乔一起去树林里采集圣诞节装饰房间用的绿色树枝。杰西戴着小帽子,身穿白色皮大衣和红色套裤。她是一个快乐的小女孩,但那天早晨,她很难过,因为妈妈说:"所有孩子都会得到圣诞礼物,做妈妈的就没有,今年咱们家太穷。"杰西把妈妈的话告诉哥哥杰米和乔。他们展开讨论。杰米说:"这么慈爱的妈妈,竟然没有圣诞礼物,太糟糕了。"     

改革中的中国企业行为

在1979—1989年十年经济改革期间,中国政府采取了一系列政策和制度变革,旨在提高国民经济劳动生产力。虽然开始时主要集中在农业方面,但政府也在努力改善非农业部门的运行。在改革之前,这些部门主要由国有企业控制,按照中央计划经营。改革中许多决策权被下放给企业,或起码下放到地方政府。例如,到1985年,大多数企业可以对产量品种、     

健康家庭的特点与动态

1992年11月初,多伦多婚姻治疗中心主任H.B.丹尼什博士应中国社会科学院人文科学发展公司的邀请,来京作关于婚姻家庭问题的讲演。丹尼什博士60年代初在美国攻读精神病学,后来长期从事讲学、临床实践与研究。他1982年创立的多伦多婚姻治疗中心,既是门诊部,又是学校和研究所。他把医学实践与社会—行为科学研究紧密结合起来,创造出了一种崭新的婚姻家庭治疗、咨询和教育模式。近年来,他在世界各地传播、推广这一新的模式,无论在精神卫生学界还是在人文社会科学领域都引起了热烈的反应。译者有幸聆听丹尼什博士在北京的两场讲演,并与他多次交谈。现将他的讲演和谈话内容整理发表于此,以飨读者。     

论亲属关系概念

《苏联民族学》1990年第3期发表了H·A·布季诺夫《论亲属关系概念》一文,现摘译如下: 亲属关系究竟是生物学事实还是社会事实?学术界已经多次提出这个问题了。为了回答这个问题,我们通常把亲属关系分为两个部分:1)亲属关系本身;2)亲属之间存在的权利和义务。亲属关系本身是生孩子即生物过程的结果,因而初看起来是一种生物学事实。因亲属关系而产生的权利和义务则是一种社会事实。     

Life with and without heart disease among women and men over 50

This article uses a demographic approach and data from the Health and Retirement Survey, a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population, to investigate sex differences in the length of life lived with heart disease and after a heart attack for persons in the United States age 50 and older. On average, women live longer than men with heart disease. At age 50 women can expect to live 7.9 years and men 6.7 years with heart disease. The average woman experiences heart disease onset three years older and heart attacks 4.4 years older than men.     

Bayesian Experimental Design for Long-Term Longitudinal HIV Dynamic Studies

The study of HIV dynamics is one of the most important developments in recent AIDS research for understanding the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and antiviral treatment strategies. Currently a large number of AIDS clinical trials on HIV dynamics are in development worldwide. However, many design issues that arise from AIDS clinical trials have not been addressed. In this paper, we use a simulation-based approach to deal with design problems in Bayesian hierarchical nonlinear (mixed-effects) models. The underlying model characterizes the long-term viral dynamics with antiretroviral treatment where we directly incorporate drug susceptibility and exposure into a function of treatment efficacy. The Bayesian design method is investigated under the framework of hierarchical Bayesian (mixed-effects) models. We compare a finite number of feasible candidate designs numerically, which are currently used in AIDS clinical trials from different perspectives, and provide guidance on how a design might be chosen in practice.     

黄金准则

苏珊向来为人诚实正直。以前她一直没有仔细考虑过这条黄金准则——“倘若你想人家怎样待你,你就应以那样的方式对待人家。”她越想就越觉得自己没能随时随刻恪守这条准则。最终,她只能向妈妈请教这一准则的含义。妈妈说:“它首先意味着要摒弃任何私心。一个爱邻居胜于自己的人     

弥合大西洋两岸的分歧

欧美在政策、全球战略和治理问题上的分歧由来己久。不过,如今一些严肃的观察家开始得出这样的结论:大西洋两岸联盟的基本文化和结构基础正在削弱。作者认为,尽管存在分歧,但在一个全球化和恐怖主义猖獗的时代,全球没有哪两个地区比欧洲和美国更有共同之处了。否则。损失最大的就是欧洲和美国。当务之急是赶快抛弃美国或欧洲可以单独行事这一贻害无穷的想法。     

Effects of migration on family structure

This paper examines the situation and problems of migration on family structure, with emphasis on family reunification. The study is based on conditions and practices in Western Europe and Mediterranean countries relating to temporary labor migration. Most migrant workers have no intention of settling permanently and return to their country within a few years. The International Labour Office estimated in 1974 that at least 1/2 the migrant workers in Western Europe live without their families. Generally, migrants send for their families only when they are employed, earning adequate wages, and have adequate housing. Some reasons why migrants live apart from their families include 1) the receiving country discourages family immigration because it does not coincide with the economic necessities of migration policy and 2) some sending countries discourage it to ensure that the migrant worker returns to his own country. The main danger arising from family separation is that it frequently leads to the break up of the family. The leading European authorities recognize as a fundamental right the freedom of a migrant worker and his family to lead a normal family life in the receiving country. The author outlines the conditions for admission for residence and employment of migrant spouses and children for the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Austria, Luxembourg, and the United Kingdom. All countries require that the head be in regular employment for some time and be able to provide his family with suitable housing. Other problems concerning the arrival of migrant spouses and children include 1) acquiring employment and social information and counseling, 2) education of children, 3) obtaining vocational training and adaptation and 4) achieving entitlement to social security benefits. The effects of migration in the family context in sending countries include 1) providing activities for migrants to maintain cultural links with their countries of origin and 2) acquiring the nationality of the receiving countries. Countries should facilitate the admission to employment of migrant spouses and children, by maintaining provisions for the reuniting of families and imposing no limits on admission to residence; and 2) by overcome obstacles to admission to employment, by observing existing recommendations. In conclusion, governments should give family cohesion 1st priority, regardless of regulations.