CPBL教学法的探索与思考

以案例与问题为导向的教学方法（case and problem based learning，CPBL）是近年来医学教育中的热点。以肿瘤专业为例进行数据分析，以2015—2018级南京医科大学第一附属医院肿瘤学专业研究生46人作为研究对象，采用CPBL教学模式，授课后通过问卷调查与自身对照，评估教学效果。结果显示，CPBL教学法可提高学生综合概括表达能力、解决临床问题的效率，增强学生学习工具的运用能力，增加学生对临床问题的理解深度及临床问题的外推、延展，在团队精神中亦对建立目标、安排分工、归纳总结方面有所促进，但对情感交流及沟通技能帮助不大。     

满译《金瓶梅》研究述评

康熙四十七年(1708年),满译《金瓶梅》得以刊行,后又以刻本和抄本的形式传行于寰,中外都有存本流世。学界有关满译《金瓶梅》研究,方兴未艾,研究成果陆续出现。本人就满译研究情况分别以目录介绍、专门研究以及其他相关研究等方面,逐一介绍,以便同仁利用。     

封龙山文化研究的态度与方法——兼谈杜香文等著《石家庄之根——封龙山》一书

应用BIM技术对预应力混凝土桥梁结构配筋进行精细化设计能有效提高设计质量。针对目前交通行业尚未有成熟的桥梁三维配筋系统可供使用,作为BIM技术的载体的三维钢筋模型需设计人员手工绘制,存在效率低且人工干预过多的问题,从快速建立钢筋三维模型、数量统计及自动出钢筋大样三个方面研究和提出了相关解决方法,并基于三维CAD系统Microstation进行二次开发编制工具应用于工程实践,减少了人机交互操作,提高了设计人员建模和出图效率,也为BIM技术在桥梁工程中的进一步应用提供了基础模型。     

钢铁行业运输环节碳减排情景分析与评价研究

我国钢铁行业碳排放量约为全国碳排放总量的15％,而运输耗能约占物流环节总耗能的5／6。实现钢铁行业中运输环节的节能减排,成为实现我国碳排放总量目标的重要环节。研究钢铁行业中运输环节的碳排放总量与不同碳减排途径及其组合在不同情境下的碳减排潜力,提出基于运输环节碳排放影响因素的碳排放总量测量模型、基于不同减排途径的低碳化分析模型及基于不同途径水平的情景仿真模型。与传统的累计模型不同,低碳化分析模型考虑碳减排途径间的相互影响作用,采用累积形式对减排途径组合进行分析与评价。最终以重庆某钢铁集团20万吨船用钢材作为案例进行情景仿真分析与评价,研究表明：在现有的运输条件下,可通过改变车辆运输方式直接实现0．7到3．9个百分点的碳减排;甩挂运输与混合动力系统改造,可作为优先发展技术,减排效果可达到30％;通过情景仿真分析得知,提高减排途径水平,减排效果将进一步增强。     

清初“纪录”小考

本文对清初的“纪录”进行了考察。“纪录”在明代业已存在,可是清代“纪录”与明代“纪录”的运用方式不同。清入关后,如果官员拥有“纪录”,遇到行政性处罚时,可以以“纪录”抵消处罚。这样的功绩与处罚的抵销开始于入关前。在入关前的汉文史料上,与“纪录”相关的记载很常见。尤其是皇太极时期有关论功行赏的史料中,“纪录”的记载经常出现。因此,清入关后“纪录”的来源很有可能源于入关前（尤其是天聪年间）的论功行赏制度。在汉文史料上,入关前后“纪录”写的都是“纪录”,但是在满文史料上,入关前后“纪录”的写法不一样。入关前的“纪录”是“ni gidaha”,入关后的“纪录”是“jergi ejehe”。本文利用顺治初纂《太宗实录》、满文档案等各种史料进行考证,将满文“纪录”的表现变化时期限定于顺治年间。另外,还以满文的语言表现为线索,对入关前“纪录”的性质及其变迁进行考察。     

刑法上的自救行为

韩国刑法典中,作为违法性阻却事由之一明确规定有"自救行为"。韩国刑法中的"自救行为"指依据法定程序不可能保全请求权时,为避免其请求权的实行不能或显著的实行困难而实施的行为,其具有在紧急状况中私人代行国家权力的行为性质。韩国刑法"自救行为"的成立需要具备如下条件:一是自救行为状况;二是自救意思;三是相当理由。一旦成立自救行为,即使发生符合构成要件的结果,也将阻却违法性而不成立犯罪。     

政府介入高新技术产品技术研发的经济学分析

技术研发对促进高新科技产品升级,提高高新科技产品的附加值具有重大意义。对高新科技产品技术研发的扶持是当前各国或地区政府促进高新科技产品升级的一项重要内容。文章从经济学的角度分析了由于市场失灵的存在政府介入高新科技产品新技术研发的必要性。但是政府的宏观调控也存在一定程度的失灵。于是应在现实中谋求两者的最佳组合,使效率损失最小。据此,文章总结出政府介入高新科技产品技术研发应注重发挥三个功能:倡导扶持功能、服务功能、监督协调功能。     

宗教事务依法管理的路径及基础——以四川藏区依法治理为视角

Under the situation that traditional beliefs have remained basically unchanged while the social economy has developed and population mobility has increased, with the trend of an in-creasing diversity in beliefs, and an increasing number of religious followers and temples, the management of religious affairs has become more difficult. In ethnic areas, the speed of moderniza-tion has accelerated, ethnic interactions are fre-quent, and the beneficial conflict or cultural con-flict among various ethnic groups has become nor-mal; the impact of modernity, ways of life, the value and ideals of the temples’ traditional culture and educational model brings new social pressure for the monks who are adapting to modernization, and making a leap in development while safeguard-ing traditional rituals, culture, religious education and development. The number of criminal cases involving monks has increased, which brings a strong negative influence to the religious followers in Tibetan areas. All these factors are directly in-fluencing the stability and harmonious development of the Tibetan areas. As the second-largest Tibetan area, the geo-graphical location of Sichuan’s Tibetan areas is u-nique. In ancient times, the policy of “keeping the Tibetan areas stable means keeping Kham sta-ble at first” had been an important measure for the central government to manage all of the Tibetan ar-eas. From the Qing dynasty to the present times, it still has a practical use, and even has special val-ue in the process of safeguarding the “long-term stability of Sichuan”, especially when the people have but a hazy understanding of the relationship between the freedom of faith and managing reli-gious affairs according to the law in Tibetan areas, and one needs to have a legal response to it. Hence, “keeping Kham stable” needs to depend on the law, and legal means should be taken to safeguard the harmony and stability of the Tibetan areas in Sichuan. Management of the religious affairs according to the law is an inevitable requirement for China to promote the goal of ruling the country by law, com-prehensively deepen reform, and promote the mod-ernization of the country’s governance system and capability. Based on an active response to the guidance principle of strengthening the manage-ment of religious affairs according to the law pro-posed by the Central Government, and the Sichuan Provincial Government, we should standardize reli-gious activities and affairs, insist on a combination of legal management and policy guidance, adopt various measures, search for a practicable path to realize the significant goal of managing the religious affairs according to the law in Tibetan areas of Si-chuan. This article proposes some methods of man-aging the religious affairs according to the law as follows:1 ) To insist on the CPC’s leadership in reli-gious work and management of religious affairs;2 ) to actively and reliably promote the systematic con-
struction of the legalization of religious affairs;3 ) to insist on the combination of legal management and policy guidance;4 ) to encourage the public to manage religious affairs according to law; 5 ) to standardize the scale and number of monks by u-sing new methods of management;6 ) to strengthen the role of the “four troops” ( Party and Govern-ment leading cadres,ethnic religious work cadres, ethnic minority cadres and talents, and religious believers ) , especially religious believers; 7 ) to make full use of the regulatory framework of the Buddhist community; 8 ) to create conditions for those monks who wish to return to secular life;9 ) to distinguish the boundary between normal and il-legal religious activities, between folk custom and extreme religious concepts; 10 ) to identify and distinguish between “monks and lay people”, and“ordinary cases and religious cases”. At present, there are four foundations for managing religious affairs according to the law:1 ) the idea that freedom of faith is not only one’s right, but also one’s duty has gradually enjoyed popular support;2 ) there is a good policy base for managing religious affairs according to the law;3 ) there is a relatively strong theoretical basis for managing religious affairs according to the law;4 ) there exists good legal support for managing reli-gious affairs according to the law.     

传统文化融入小学美术教学的策略分析

中华民族历史悠久,在美术教学中,教师应有意识地渗透传统文化精髓,引导学生了解传统文化,让学生从中学习汲取知识、提升修养,从而增强学生的民族认同感,激发学生的爱国情怀。本文分析了传统文化在小学美术教学中的渗透策略,以供相关教师参考。