Cognitive abilities,self-efficacy,and financial behavior

This paper investigates the effect of cognitive abilities on financial behavior among older adults. Using the U.S. Health and Retirement Study, I find that cognitive abilities significantly affect financial behavior through two channels: ability and self-efficacy. People with higher cognition scores achieve better financial outcomes. This positive association is especially strong in tasks having high demand of cognitive abilities, which confirms the ability channel of the cognitive ability effect. In addition, there is evidence for the self-efficacy channel as a secondary source of cognitive influence. Lower cognitive abilities decrease people’s sense of self-efficacy, which, in turn, significantly decreases financial management efficiency. The findings have important policy implications, specifically that more effort is needed to assist the growing older population through the cognitive aging process and that noncognitive skills, as a secondary source of influence, also warrant attention.     

“I feel and think,therefore I am”: An Affect-Cognitive Theory of management decisions

I propose an Affect-Cognitive Theory to comprehensively understand how decisions occur in organizations. To this aim, I first review the assumptions of sensemaking and decision-making streams of research, especially the influence of bounded rationality, affective states and their relationships with cognition; then, I integrate them on the common basis of socially situated cognition. This new theory emphasizes the role of affective states in determining/being determined by cognition and its errors, pointing out decision makers’ affect as the result of multi-level adaptations to the physical and social environment. Management decisions are path dependent but not immutable; they, indeed, bank on the predominant feeling resulting from the modifying interactions and regulations of decision makers with their physical and social environment. Here, decision makers are proposed as “emotional cognizers” overcoming the thinking-feeling dichotomy that has often featured in the study of management decisions. This theory is beneficial for behavioral strategy, offering the needed assumptions to intertwine human cognition, emotions, and social behavior.     

论语篇的隐性连贯

连贯是语篇语言学研究的重要内容，它可分为由衔接手段支持的显性连贯和由非语言因素支持的隐性连贯。隐性连贯与不连贯的区别在于前者在语篇内存在统一的语域而后者没有。隐性连贯的存在有其社会和认知的基础，它有三个特点：它是隐性的，外指的和认知的。     

Strategic Shared Leadership and Organizational Dynamic Capabilities

We propose that the purposeful sharing of strategic decisions and the process of making and taking those between the dominant coalition of an organization (Strategic Shared Leadership or SSL thereafter), initiated and supported by a focal strategic leader or small team, engenders Organizational Dynamic Capabilities (ODCs) though the transfer of individually-residing DCs within the SSL team, the transformation -co-creation of novel ones and their embeddedness-institutionalization within the organization. It also enhances organizational cognition which mediates the relationship by enriching co-created ODCs and their capacity to deliver reliably change through sensing, seizing and reconfiguring. Accordingly, SSL serves as a co-creator and key predictor of the emergence of ODCs. This helps address the challenges of DCs to marry stability with change, be predictable and to be capable of predicting.     

中国共产党人对中国国情认识的发展

在中国革命建设发展的不同阶段,中国共产党人不断深化对中国基本国情的认识,成为把马克思主义基本原理同中国革命建设实践相结合,创造性发展马克思主义,不断推进中国革命与建设实践的出发点。     

从认知史角度比较荷马史诗与《俄狄浦斯王》中的卜释质疑

卜者对神的兆示的解释在东方和西方的古代社会都曾发挥过重要的作用,但古希腊文学中对卜释的不断质疑却构成了希腊文化独特的一面,并最终在一定程度上模塑了西方文化精神。从荷马史诗到《俄狄浦斯王》,其中的连续质疑之声中折射出西方认知史早期发展的独特轨迹。其中,《俄狄浦斯王》在西方认知发展史上具有一定的标示性意义。     

多维理论视角下的合作行为探析

合作行为一直是国内外学者们的重要研究课题,不同的学科、不同的理论给出了不同的解释。学者们以"行为体之间的合作行为的发生和维持"作为研究主题,分别从以基因为核心变量下的合作行为、文化影响下的合作行为、博弈互动影响下的合作行为和认知影响下的合作行为等多维理论视角对合作行为做出阐释,这些理论阐释既有共同点,也有不同点,既有相一致的方面,也有相冲突的方面。通过对这些理论阐释的基本内容和关键变量进行系统梳理和逻辑剖析,展现这些理论阐释的各自优缺点,并在此基础上对这些理论观点加以综合比较,最终揭示行为体之间的合作行为是如何发生并维持下去的。     

农村中小学教师对留守儿童的认知

留守儿童能否得到优质的学校教育,与教师的认知与态度是分不开的。本次调查发现,绝大多数农村中小学教师认为留守儿童与非留守儿童之间存在较大的差异,父母外出后,给孩子成长带了较大的负面影响。因绝大多数农村中小学教师主要是根据他们日常生活中与留守儿童的接触,从而形成对其的总体印象,因此,我们可以认为,农村中小学教师对留守儿童的总体评价与判断是比较可靠的。同时,调查也发现农村基层教育系统尤其是处在农村教育第一线的教师对留守儿童教育问题比较重视,但要警惕将留守儿童＂标签化＂的危险。     

Genetic and environmental influences on cognition during childhood

The basic methodology of behavior genetics is described in the context of the twin and sibling/adoption design. Results of applying this model to cross-sectional data on cognitive development throughout the lifespan are presented. Results from a large longitudinal twin and adoption study of general intelligence are presented to illustrate the use of the basic behavior genetic model in studying the causes of continuity and change in development. A special model is presented for the study of abnormal behavior occurring at the extremes of the distribution and an adaptation of the model is discussed for the study of genetic linkage or the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL). Results of applying this model to a sample of twins and kindred siblings indicated the presence of a major QTL for dyslexia on chromosome 6. The purpose of the paper is to illustrate the scope of behavior genetic methodology in studying individual differences in behavior in a biosocial context.