对欧盟未来文化建构的思考——一种对文化理念、概念与行动的表述

2002年12月在丹麦首都哥本哈根召开的欧盟首脑会议,正式宣布东欧12国为欧盟正式成员.这样,欧盟实现了第5次扩大,一个大的欧洲即将产生.欧盟各项法律与政策的逐渐统一,为欧洲的发展提供了制度平台.其中,对文化多样性与平等性的维护与发展,不仅为欧盟的东扩开拓了理念与概念空间,而且为未来"大欧洲"社会的形成与融合创造了条件.本文从"大欧洲"文化的理念、概念与实践三个方面对未来欧洲社会的前景进行了一些前瞻性的思考,力图从理论上进行一定的文化建构与探索.     

生物多样性保护与知识产权

生物多样性保护与知识产权存在较大的关联性,《生物多样性条约》的相关条款与知识产权密切相关,围绕生物资源保护与利用的知识产权理论不断发展,我国的相关法律制度也应加以完善。     

Cracking the Code—An Approach to Developing Professional Writing Skills

The development of writing skills sufficient to meet the complexities of contemporary social work practice is a growing demand from employers and practice educators. The paper explores current pedagogical debate relating to student support and the development of writing skills and relates this debate to meeting the needs of social work students engaged in practice learning and professional practice. A number of questions are raised about current social work education in England and the needs of students entering from non-traditional academic backgrounds facing the increasingly rigorous demands of professional report writing. The discussion is then grounded in a practice example of staff from a university social work course and education guidance service working together to meet student need in respect of developing writing skills. The development, implementation and evaluation of a university writing skills programme for social work students are explored. The paper concludes by setting out a range of challenges arising from experience of the programme and a consideration of theory, and points to potential ways forward based on a social practice approach to teaching writing skills.     

A pilot qualitative study of the under-representation of Hispanics in public relations

This pilot study explored the under-representation of Hispanics/Latinos in the public relations profession by conducting focused interviews with Hispanic practitioners. The study found that public relations was not the Latinos’ initial career choice, identified three barriers to Hispanics entering the profession, elicited practical suggestions to attract more Hispanics, and also revealed opportunities for future scholarly research to address the under-representation of Hispanics in public relations.     

Placement Educators’ Experiences and Perspectives of Supervising International Social Work Students in Australia

International social work students in Australia have reported difficulties in finding quality placement opportunities and dealing with issues such as language and cultural barriers. While placement issues have been mostly investigated from a student perspective, this study explores the experiences and perspectives of placement educators towards supervising international social work students. It draws on an online survey of 83 placement educators working for an Australian university. The majority of placement educators reported that they supervised international students differently to domestic students. These differences were negatively framed as challenges involving students’ language competence, their understanding of cultural norms, and knowledge of Australian welfare systems. This framing implies that cultural and linguistic differences between international students and placement educators are viewed in terms of student deficiency rather than as a positive opportunity for mutual learning and professional development.     

建设服务型政府,实现公共服务提供主体多元化

服务型政府将满足公民需求作为最高工作目标,不仅要求强化社会管理和公共服务职能,更需要通过体制机制创新来促进公共服务的有效供给。其中,公共服务的供给机制有效与否是政府不同层级和不同部门都要面对的普遍性问题。针对公共服务的混合性和复杂性,以及我国在公共服务提供方面的问题,参考发达国家的政府改革经验,我国应培育多元化的公共服务供给主体,通过将分散、异质性的服务需求与非规模化的服务供给对接来间接满足服务需求。多元化供给机制有利于发挥行政机制、市场机制和社会机制的各自优势,并实现三者的有机结合,从而有利于整合各种社会资源,满足公民的异质性公共服务需求。     

一体多元的族群关系论要——基于费孝通“中华民族多元一体格局”构想的再思考

费孝通于20世纪80年代提出"中华民族的多元一体格局"的理论构想,以此来作为理解中华民族内部族群关系的总体性引导。此后的研究者以诸多证据及论述阐发"从多元到一体"的历史进程,但对于在现代民族国家观念影响下之既定"一体"格局中社会内部多元分化发展的图景,特别是现实的分化与地方自治机制,并没有给予太多的关注。这种片面的关注维度隐含有一种历史主义的偏颇。如何在现实的"一体"的格局之下去理解和呈现"多元"发展以及多样性的社会与文化的存在及其演进过程,构成今天所提"一体多元"的核心要义。     

In search of career satisfaction: African-American public relations practitioners, pigeonholing, and the workplace

The goals of the research were to explore African-American practitioners’ satisfaction with public relations as a career and to examine their perceptions of tokenism and pigeonholing in the workplace. Three key themes emerged from the research: career entry and social support in public relations; encounters with everyday racism; and pigeonholing in public relations. For the majority of 12 African-American practitioners interviewed, they have experienced discrimination in their careers and in public relations, yet the practitioners did not see themselves as pigeonholed in their roles or positions. The complete study can be requested from the author.     

Implementing a diversity policy through public incentives: Diversity Plans in companies of the Brussels-Capital Region

ABSTRACT

The development of diversity policies in the private sector is mostly a result of a voluntary engagement of companies. When interested, they decide about the ways and goals of such policies, implications for human resource management and the inclusion of staff with a migration background. This article explores a specific situation in which public authorities offered support and resources to companies in order to develop diversity policies. I present a first analysis of the implementation dynamics of the Brussels Diversity Plan, a policy instrument launched in 2007 by the Government of the city-region of Brussels. Building on the theoretical tools of the political sociology of public policies, I use qualitative material (interviews and administrative documents) to explore implementation processes in three private companies. I show that public authorities can play a decisive role in developing diversity policies in the private sector through incentives rather than constraint. Yet, the room for manoeuver offered to companies leads to important variations regarding how processes unfold and the results achieved.     

文化多样性及其挑战

文化多样性概念虽然在理解“他者”的问题上有所助益，但却在一定程度上可以导致人们在对人类自身的认识上趋于另一个极端。通过对相关概念的简要历史分析，文章揭示了文化多样性概念在理解现实中的种族与族群现象时可能存在的紧张。