民事诉讼审前准备程序的功能及制度完善

《民事诉讼法》及相关程序立法,对民事诉讼审前程序做出了相关界定,但相对简单、粗放,当事人参与程度极低,无法充分实现审前准备程序的功能。审前准备程序需要建立完善的制度保障,包括强制诉答制度、诉讼失权制度、审前和解制度等,为提高司法效率、迅速妥善解决纠纷奠定基础。     

Work and Care Strategies of European Families: Similarities or National Differences?

This paper examines the work and care strategies chosen by full‐time working families with children in Finland, Italy, Portugal and the UK. It asks whether European families in different countries, facing the same problems of balancing employment and childcare responsibilities, respond to their situations in similar ways. An increase in dual‐earner families where both parents work full‐time represents a general employment trend in today's Europe. Also, within families with children, such employment patterns are now more common than they were previously. National differences may therefore not any longer be as marked as often indicated by country‐based surveys. The qualitative data from the SOCCARE Project offer a way to examine this issue. The focal point of the paper is to make a comparative analysis of couples in similar work and care situations. Using their working hours as the common denominator, this paper analyses their daily childcare arrangements and how these are impacted by gender roles, working schedules, flexibility of workplace, income levels, parents’ educational background and availability of care facilities. The paper concludes that European families’ work and care strategies have many similarities whereby national differences may not be as marked as often indicated by contemporary research.     

公诉工作中刑事和解制度的运用

刑事和解制度作为一项新的刑事司法和犯罪预防模式,符合构建和谐社会＂宽严相济＂的要求,是恢复性司法的精神的具体体现;同时,该制度能最大限度地维护被害人的权益,保护被追诉者的人权及预防犯罪。鉴于刑事和解制度的重要意义,结合我国公诉工作中的实际情况,从刑事和解的对象与范围、条件和具体程序等环节出发,改造我国的刑事和解制度,以适应中国的法治现代化的需要。     

Can personal narratives heal trauma? A consideration of testimonies given at the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission

This study investigates the therapeutic effects of narratives and linguistic expression in people who have suffered trauma. The kind of trauma considered is that which took place as a result of politically related violence in the South African liberation struggle, and the narratives and language discussed are selected from testimonies given during the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). Certain linguistic criteria identified by Pennebaker as predictors of successful therapeutic outcomes in the narratives of individuals suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder are applied to excerpts from the TRC testimonies. Linguistic analysis validates Pennebaker’s findings to some extent, but the investigation concludes that while linguistic expression may demonstrate cognitive processing and facilitate coherence, it is not enough to enable healing. Many factors, not only articulation, interact to determine the extent to which individuals can be healed. Some trauma is so intense that it cannot be verbalised at all.     

Did PRWORA's mandatory school attendance policy increase attendance among targeted teenage girls?

The purpose of this paper was to examine if the school-attendance requirement of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) significantly increased attendance among the teenage girls that the policy targeted. This study applied difference-in-difference and difference-in-difference-in-difference methods to 12 years of cross-sectional data from the October Supplement of the Current Population Survey while isolating the effects of PRWORA from the effects of other factors that might have influenced the target population's school attendance. The findings indicated that PRWORA, overall, did not have significant positive impacts on school attendance; rather, the policy was associated with a small but significant reduction in school attendance of U.S.-born disadvantaged teenage girls between 1996 through 1999 and essentially no effects on the target population thereafter.     

简析刑事和解制度在司法实践中的滥用与矫正

本文从司法实践的角度出发，论述了刑事和解制度在实施过程中遭遇的难题及被滥用的情形，并从刑事和解制度与我国现行刑事法律制度的冲突入手，深刻分析其原因，最终为矫正刑事和解制度的滥用提出了方案：刑事和解制度应当在一定范围内遵循一定原则来实施。     

论新刑诉法中当事人和解的公诉案件诉讼程序

刑事和解具有传统的刑事制裁方式所不具有的优点,是有效解决刑事案件,化解社会矛盾和促进社会和谐的重要方式之一。经过广泛征求社会意见和全国人民代表大会的审议和讨论,2012年3月14日第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过了《关于修改〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的决定》的第二次修正案,在第五编特别程序第二章设置了当事人和解的公诉案件诉讼程序,使公诉案件的当事人和解程序终于有法可依了。在公安司法机关理解和贯彻执行该特别程序的规定时,应当特别注意依法进行和解。其中要审慎的对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人是否是真正真诚悔过,当事人是否是真正自愿和解进行考察,坚决杜绝"花钱买刑"等与刑事和解相关的腐败现象的发生。     

从遏制、孤立、封锁到“遏制而不孤立”——20世纪60年代美国对华战略思路的调整

20世纪60年代是美国酝酿对华政策调整的时代.在约翰逊政府时期,以提出"遏制而不孤立"为标志,美国战略界和政策研究部门在认识上基本完成了对华政策的调整,为尼克松政府实际调整对华政策打下了基础.这种调整的战略思路为一直到现在的美国对华政策提供了一个稳定的框架.分析这种调整的战略思路,对认识历史和现实的美国对华政策都有重要的意义.     

论刑事和解语境下的主体性与损害赔偿

在刑事和解的语境下,当事人的主体性具有协商性和公平性内涵。而当事人在刑事和解中就损害赔偿进行的协商也必须体现协商性和公平性,即必须体现当事人之间自主的利益安排,并实现当事人双方的利益兼顾。对此,有关精神损害赔偿、损害抵偿以及替代赔偿等民事责任规则或履行方式需要得到充分的适用。从规则运行的整体效果出发,有必要建立一套尊重当事人的自主协商并保障被害人可以获得合理赔偿的理性的损害赔偿规则。     

First Nations,Métis and Inuit presence in the Newfoundland and Labrador curriculum

This article responds to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Canada’s 2015 call for the education of Canadians about ‘residential schools, treaties, and Aboriginal peoples’ historical and contemporary contributions to Canada.’ It is an analysis of the Canadian and world studies curricula and texts in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1 of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada. The analysis is based on academic research and consultations with First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples (FNMI) educators, educational administrators and knowledge holders. Although there is evidence of reform, as a whole the curriculum suffers from silences and lack of context, problematic placement and associations, the intrusion of settler perspectives, contradiction over judgement about issues related to FNMI peoples and inconsistency that undermine efforts at reform. This article provides guidance to curriculum designers, textbook writers, teachers and administrators participating in the decolonization of education in Canada.