论魏晋南北朝时期儒学的衰落

魏晋南北朝时期是我国学术思想多元化发展时期。期间玄学兴盛,佛道流行,而在两汉居于统治思想地位的儒学却衰落不堪。本文从魏晋南北朝时期的社会特点、学术思想盛衰消长的客观情势以及儒学自身的状况去探究儒学衰落的原因,以有助于总结思想史发展的一般规律。     

年画的历史渊源及其发展前景

年画是我国传统的民间艺术形式,是中华民族乃至世界文化的重要组成部分,随着时代的变迁和社会的变化,这一曾盛极几个时代的民间艺术逐渐走向了衰落。但是随着时代的发展和人们对于传统文化的重新认识和审视,年画作为一种优秀的俗文化品类很有可能在将来的社会发展过程中变化其审美形式和艺术样式,向具有传统年画装饰意义的新艺术式样蜕变,成为一种新的符合时代要求和社会发展的年画艺术。     

维也纳体系与凡尔赛-华盛顿体系衰败原因共性分析

从1648年第一个国际体系——威斯特伐利亚体系的形成到以苏东巨变为标志的冷战结束后的新的国际关系体系的生成,国际社会历经几个大小,形色各异的国际体系,在这些国际体系的交替演变中,本文仅从维也纳体系与凡尔赛-华盛顿体系衰败的原因进行共性分析,总结出科技的发展、不可逆转的社会历史潮流以及体系内的维护机制的约束性的缺失是造成两大体系演变的重要原因。试图为研究如何使现行的国际体系有效运行的学者提供一个分析的视角。     

晚期罗马帝国的集权体制和吏治腐败

在晚期罗马帝国,全部权力集中到皇帝和以皇帝为首的等级森严的官僚机构中。由于官僚体制的权力非常大,不受国家基本成员所实行的任何监督,从而变得腐化和庸劣无能,表现为皇帝和官僚之间的相互欺诈,行政官员的日益腐败,买官和卖官盛行,以及经济腐败、军队腐败和司法腐败等。腐败使晚期帝国政府频临解体的边缘,国家的命运陷入岌岌可危的处境。     

20世纪20年代末京津地区外报的衰落评析

本文展现了20世纪20年代京津地区外文报纸从北洋军阀统治晚期到南京政府统一全国初期被层层挤压、无法立足的衰落过程,并对后期中国政府和中国人民打击外报的缘由、手段,以及效果进行深入分析。外报的衰落标志着中国民族报业逐步摆脱外国势力,进入一个新阶段。     

资本利润率趋向下降规律的启示

劳动社会生产力的发展致使在资本主义商品经济中有资本利润率趋向下降的规律，文中基于相同的原因又得出了在商品经济社会中也存在着工人生活必需品扩大的规律，并通过对于主要资本主义国家经济史的考察，验证了这一规律的正确性。最后，本文运用OLS法对我国国民收入结构进行线性回归分析发现：增加低收入者、工人阶层的工资收入，自觉运用工人生活必需品扩大规律，是当前破解宏观经济问题的关键。     

Uncertainty and the Second Space: Modern Birth Timing and the Dilemma of Education

This paper focuses on the relationship between experiential and statistical uncertainties in the timing of births in Cameroon (Central Africa). Most theories of fertility level and change emphasize the emergence of parity-specific control, treating desired family size as both central, and stable across the life course. By contrast, this paper argues for a theory of reproduction that emphasizes process, social context, and contingency. The paper concentrates on the second birth interval, showing that it is longer and more variable among educated than among uneducated women. The paper argues that this difference is due to the specific forms of uncertainty associated with education in contemporary Cameroon.     

论晚清贵州佛教的衰落

贵州佛教经过明末清初的鼎盛发展之后,至晚清乃呈衰落之势。考其原因,从主观上讲,是由于贵州佛教日益世俗化、功利化,流于形式;从客观上看,则与“咸同之乱”和“庙产兴学”有直接关系,境内佛教寺庙,或被战火毁坏殆尽,或被“庙产兴学”占用,致使晚清贵州佛教遭到重创而一蹶不振。     

Union organizing effort and success in the U.S., 1948–2004

While union density in the public sector has increased in recent decades, private sector union density in the U.S. has declined steadily since the mid-1950s. Scholars have evoked a variety of explanations to account for the decline in union membership, but substantially less attention has been devoted to understanding the contribution of the union organizing process as governed by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). In this paper, we focus on two aspects of this process: union organizing effort (the effort to establish union representation elections to organize non-unionized workers) and union organizing success (success in winning union representation elections). Using annual time series data for the U.S. from 1948 to 2004, we show that there has been a long-term decline in both union organizing effort and union organizing success, which likely contributes to declining union density. We focus on three explanations for these changes: the political–legal environment for unions, deindustrialization and globalization, and employer opposition to unionization efforts. We find that each of these factors contributes to organizing effort and success and conclude with a discussion of the implications of this research for future mobilization efforts.     

试论我国人口素质下降的证据.原因及对策

本文举证分析了造成我国人口素质下降的原因，提出了防止我国人口素质下降的对策