社会学民族志的力量:重返早期社会研究的田野工作

自20世纪70年代以来，社会学民族志在田野工作和叙事复兴中与传统人文学汇聚，显著扩展了自己的学科边界。但是，这种扩展并没有解决社会学民族志在深度的经验发生和强烈的理论诉求之间遭遇的紧张。对于这种紧张，本文主张再访早期社会研究的田野，即19世纪末期到一战之前的若干典型研究，从中反思早期社会学田野工作是如何在“直接经验”的倾向中完成类型化，以及如何在这个经验感获得的同时改变对社会世界的道德想象。早期社会学的田野工作的力量之一不在于以规范的诉求压制经验感，而是以独特的情感结构连接经验的观察和道德理想的重生。由此，我们不仅需要反思诸如社会调查到社区研究这样的简单思路，更要重新理解理论史上所谓的“进步主义式”的道德本身。这一工作对重新认识早期社会研究和今天的社会学民族志都具有意义上的准备。     

对一个撒拉族移民乡村的民族学调查

世居于青海省循化县的少部分撒拉族从20世纪30年代开始陆续迁居该省乌兰县希里沟地区,逐步形成柴达木盆地第一个撒拉族移民村落。文章在民族学田野工作的基础上,反映了该村人口迁移、婚姻家庭、教育、宗教及经济文化类型的变化等基本情况。     

The role of social work field education programmes in the transmission of developmental social work knowledge in Southern and East Africa

This paper reports on the findings of a study on the role of social work field education programmes in the transmission of developmental social work knowledge in Southern and East Africa. It highlights the challenges in locating developmental social work placements and the creativity shown by social work educators in addressing these challenges and improving learning opportunities for social work students. Both academics and students were found to be committed to developmental social work, within a willing practice environment hampered by knowledge, capacity and resource constraints. Social work education was found to be playing a transformative role through the teaching of a developmental social work curriculum and the creation of collaborative developmental social work learning experiences. Social work educators trained and supported agency supervisors in developmental social work, while students served as conduits, modelling developmental social work practice. What has yet to be determined in future research is the students’ perspective of this developmental educational environment.     

当前中国农村宗族及其与乡村治理的关系——对新近研究的评论和分析

在当今中国乡村研究中,宗族“重建论”与“瓦解论”同存;对宗族在乡村治理中的功能的“肯定论”、“负面论”与“中性论”同在,至今尚未形成关于宗族重建及其与乡村治理关系的清晰图像与理解。这种状况与近年来研究方法等方面的缺失密切相关。尽管越来越多的研究者已在深入田野,以抓取第一手资料,且研究的规范性增强,学术对话意识和累积意识大步提升,但多数人所作的只是个案研究,尚未延伸为多个案例的比较研究,更未有较大面积的抽样调查;既缺乏明确的分析框架和讨论标准,也缺乏深入细致的专题研究,资料收集和分析的视角也不够多样化。     

民俗学田野作业范式与二月河历史小说戏曲母题

二月河清帝系列小说中的戏曲文化母题,有着丰富的民俗内容。二月河对于相关题材的反映,使用了民俗学田野作业的方法。正是这种视角的存在,清帝系列小说中的戏曲民俗,出现了一定程度的变异。二月河对于田野作业原理的自觉实践,不论是对文艺学叙事理论的丰富还是对民俗学田野作业体系的完善发展,都具有重要价值。     

《机械制造技术》课程及主要实践环节的教学改革

结合多年的教学改革经历，论述《机械制造技术》课程教学改革的基本思路及其主要措施。以三个教改阶段中不同的培养目标与教改方案为例，论述各阶段的课程体系和教学内容，特别强调了教改必须与时俱进，必须突出各个时期的应用型人才培养特色。专业课的内容应该精简并有机地整合，内容应符合制造业发展的现状与水平，突出先进的及代表主流的制造技术，反映新技术与发展方向。同时探讨与该课程密切相关的生产实习、毕业设计等主要实践环节的教改措施，强调从工程实际要求出发培养学生的工程应用能力。     

Studying one's own in the Middle East: Negotiating gender and self-other dynamics in the field

This article uses examples of the experience I had in the field as an indigenous researcher in Turkey in order to problematize claims to knowledge. I contend that for researchers who are positioned as relative “insiders,” whether indigenous or bicultural, such aspects of the researcher identity as gender, class, professional and relationship status are made especially salient, perhaps even more so in Middle Eastern contexts. I also argue that while indigenous status can be both empowering and restricting, the insider/outsider position can be employed as a useful vantage point for “rethinking the familiar.” I discuss with examples how this position informed my researcher role and my perspective on what is traditional.     

The Relationship Between Technology Content in a Masters of Social Work Curriculum and Technology Use in Social Work Practice: A Qualitative Research Study

Summary

This paper argues that human services educators involved with computer literacy should consider societal patterns of gender inequality in computer use. These patterns are examined in four institutions: the leisure industry, the media, education, and the family. This examination indicates that males receive greater support and encouragement to be computer users in these institutions. Far from revolutionizing society, the computer has conformed to society, becoming another element of the status quo. It is suggested that human services programs make a concerted effort to encourage females to train for and seek positions which involve the use of computers.     

《西太平洋的航海者》对人类学田野调查的启示

<西太平洋的航海者>是人类学领域最有影响的民族志著作之一.它对人类学的田野调查具有以下几个方面的启发意义:在参与观察中理解人的行为的社会意义;文化现象与人的行为的分析必须在整体的视野中完成:田野调查必须注重"勤、细、全、深"四个方面的环节;参与观察对象的选择必须是能够反映文化整体意义的事项.