对明初重刑主义的再思考

在中国的历来的历史上,重刑政策做为镇压人民,维护王朝专制统治的重要手段,为古来不少封建王朝所使用,但要伦用法之严、用刑之广,杀戮之盛,首屈一指的要属明初了.但是明初的重刑并未使得社会安定,相反得是犯罪率的高频发和人民的不断反抗.所以我们要对明初重刑主义的错误进行反思,纠正我国在立法和司法实践中的重刑倾向,使得在社会中刑法的作用能真正表现出来.     

宪法学上的一种死刑观——以美国宪法原理和判例为中心的考察

时至今日,不论人们是否赞同死刑废止论,死刑的存废之争已具有毋庸置疑的学理价值和实践意义。我国虽然也存在这种讨论,但长期以来,这些讨论主要是在刑法学界中展开的,最终形成的主流观点是主张贯彻少杀、慎杀的刑事政策,其间似乎欠缺坚实的实定法学框架之内的学理论证,而仅囿于单纯的道德、政治或刑事政策上的考量与论说。有鉴于此,笔者力图从宪法学出发另辟蹊径,论述宪法上的酷刑禁止原理,并主要通过分析以现代美国的判例与学说为代表的死刑酷刑论以及这种论证的结构和策略,揭示现代宪法的死刑观,并透视其对完善我国死刑制度所可能具有的借镜意义。     

Contested Concepts in Violence Against Women: ‘Intimate’, ‘Domestic’ or ‘Torture’?

Abstract

Ritualistic, overwhelmingly violent bikie gang or cult-inflicted abuse of women, entrenched by co-opting third party cult or gang members, has been referred to as ‘domestic violence’, ‘intimate violence’ or ‘intimate partner violence’. The present article questions the aptitude of these terms to convey the realities of this violence, in light of the experiences of women attending a South Australian domestic violence service, all of whom were escaping violent partners who were members or associates of bikie gangs and cults. The paper asks, ‘is torture an appropriate term for such violence?’ and discusses the impact of social, legal, organisational and human rights parallel states that collaborate to make it almost impossible for these women to escape this violence and make it difficult for social workers to work effectively with them. The paper concludes that the State needs to adopt a human rights rather than legal focus when addressing the issue of violence against women.     

Support for torture over time: Interrogating the American public about coercive tactics

In this study, we examine what influences public attitudes toward torture and whether the public's attitude affects or is affected by shifts in presidential policy on torture. We employed ten surveys over five years that looked at approval of torture, as well as two surveys that asked questions about specific methods. We find that public support for torture has risen mildly, but a resilient ambivalence best describes the public's attitude. The public was not affected by the change in government from an administration that strongly supported enhanced interrogation techniques to one that opposed them, and labeled them torture. Public opinion also seemed unaffected by the increased criticism of torture generally. Large majorities oppose most specific methods of interrogation, while at times a majority supports torture in general. We also find support for torture and specific methods is affected most strongly by partisanship and ideology.     

清末江南惊世疑案钩沉——杨乃武与小白菜（葛毕氏）一案的历史真相

文章据笔者所掌握的故宫文献结合地方史志及笔者实地历史考察所得破解杨乃武与小白菜（葛毕氏）冤案，澄清了诸如刘锡彤知县是因要维护其子而嫁祸杨乃武、仓前镇“爱仁堂”药铺老板不叫“钱宝生”、杨毕冤案平反后被处罪官并没有社会上传说的那末多等等历史事实，还历史以真相。     

联合国反酷刑监督机制的未来

《禁止酷刑公约》低效能的实施监督制度设计决定了监督机构权能的有限性 ,并集中反映出联合国反酷刑监督机制的缺陷。要摆脱这种低效能所带来的困境 ,应当对各实施机制进行必要的修订 ,特别是联合国应当借鉴和引进《欧洲防止酷刑公约》中高效能的预防性实施机制 ,而各反酷刑监督机构也应当加强合作。     

Victims of the Genocidal Mind: Societal Indicators and Individual Case Treatment Considerations

This paper uses the theoretical lens of object relations and takes the position that the paranoid-schizoid position and the related mechanism of projective identification—cornerstone pathology found in the phenomenon of fascism and totalitarianism—are not atypical, but rather live within the seemingly normal individual. Using Rwanda as a case example, the author illustrates the continuum of beliefs and actions that can result in genocide, and then describes some of the treatment considerations facing the clinician dealing with victims of genocide.

The gender gap and torture: Opposition to torture among men and women in the USA

The study of women in politics includes the analysis of both elite women and the masses in regard to their voting, political activity, and attitudes. Research shows that women hold different political attitudes. This gender gap is explained in relation to a number of attitudes, but few studies analyze whether the gender gap is still evident in an issue area that women might be torn in two hypothesized directions. The purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis of the gender gap in individual's attitudes toward the appropriateness of torture to prevent future terrorist attacks.     

从法律制度层面防治刑讯逼供的措施研究

刑讯逼供一直以来是司法实务中的顽症之一.本文试图从法律制度层面来探讨我国防治刑讯逼供的措施,即真正确立无罪推定原则,建立有限的沉默权制度,完善当事人获得律师帮助制度;确立直接言词原则,明确警察和证人等出庭作证的义务;完善我国证据立法,确立非法证据排除规则;强化监督特别是重视检察监督和法院的司法审查监督,切实落实对刑讯逼...