Legislative responses to wrongful conviction: Do partisan principals and advocacy efforts influence state-level criminal justice policy?

The number of discovered wrongful criminal convictions (and resulting exonerations) has increased over the past decade. These cases erode public confidence in the criminal justice system and trust in the rule of law. Many states have adopted laws that aim to reduce system errors but no study has examined why some states appear more willing to provide due process protections against wrongful convictions than others. Findings from regression estimates suggest that states with a Republican controlled legislature or more Republican voters are less likely to pass these laws while the presence of advocacy organizations that are part of the ‘innocence movement’ make legislative change more likely. We thus identify important differences in the political and social context between U.S. states that influence the adoption of criminal justice policies.     

弱势群体公法保护视野下的社会帮扶问题

弱势群体保护问题是当今社会，尤其是公法学界所面临的严峻课题。为了有效应对这一问题，应采用比较研究、实证研究、文献研究的方法，在继续完善传统公法意义上的相关保障性制度的基础上，积极构建弱势群体的社会帮扶制度。弱势群体的社会帮扶制度一方面以服务行政理论为理论依据，要求弱势群体保护由当下的“政治负责”向“社会负责”过渡；另一方面，社会帮扶制度又以公共服务理论为理论支撑，要求政府由高权强制型向怀柔服务型转变。在实践中，弱势群体的社会帮扶制度应遵循政府与社会“两条腿走路”的基本逻辑，而该制度的构建应秉承若干基本思路：破除观念束缚，培育和构建公民社会；丰富社会主体形式，弥补行政保障不足；完善其他社会帮扶途径。     

Statistical Distributions of Daily Breathing Rates for Narrow Age Groups of Infants and Children

Children may be more susceptible to toxicity from some environmental chemicals than adults. This susceptibility may occur during narrow age periods (windows), which can last from days to years depending on the toxicant. Breathing rates specific to narrow age periods are useful to assess inhalation dose during suspected windows of susceptibility. Because existing breathing rates used in risk assessment are typically for broad age ranges or are based on data not representative of the population, we derived daily breathing rates for narrow age ranges of children designed to be more representative of the current U.S. children's population. These rates were derived using the metabolic conversion method of Layton (1993) and energy intake data adjusted to represent the U.S. population from a relatively recent dietary survey (CSFII 1994–1996, 1998). We calculated conversion factors more specific to children than those previously used. Both nonnormalized (L/day) and normalized (L/kg-day) breathing rates were derived and found comparable to rates derived using energy estimates that are accurate for the individuals sampled but not representative of the population. Estimates of breathing rate variability within a population can be used with stochastic techniques to characterize the range of risk in the population from inhalation exposures. For each age and age-gender group, we present the mean, standard error of the mean, percentiles (50th, 90th, and 95th), geometric mean, standard deviation, 95th percentile, and best-fit parametric models of the breathing rate distributions. The standard errors characterize uncertainty in the parameter estimate, while the percentiles describe the combined interindividual and intra-individual variability of the sampled population. These breathing rates can be used for risk assessment of subchronic and chronic inhalation exposures of narrow age groups of children.     

论重庆弱势群体的救助方略

在今天社会大变革、政府大转型之时,对弱势群体给予特殊的就业援助,对稳定社会具有重要的现实意义。为此,详实地分析了重庆市弱势群体的类型,以及市政府采取的及时有效的救援措施,并提出了一些相应对策。     

论东汉王朝对北匈奴的政策

于谓汉欺之 ,谋欲犯塞 ;谓宜还南所掠生口 ,以慰安其意。”章帝从袁安议 ,许之 ,令“度辽及领中郎将庞奋倍雇南部所得生口 ,以还北虏 ;其南部斩首获生 ,计功受赏如常科”。企图平衡南、北匈奴的关系。由上可知 ,在光武帝建武二十七年至和帝永元元年 (公元 5 1- 89年 )期间 ,北匈奴或因“惧于见伐” ,或因欲与汉合市 ,多次遣使求和亲 ,而东汉王朝则出于“冀其交通 ,不复为寇”的目的 ,与北匈奴保持了时断时续的通使、合市关系。当然 ,由于北匈奴时时寇边侵掠以及东汉王朝在处理南、北匈奴问题上的摇摆性 ,东汉王朝对北匈奴采取的以通使、合市…     

《汉宫秋》：在历史叙事上的创造与延伸

昭君故事的史传书写、民间传说和文人歌咏构成了昭君故事的“历史叙事”。马致远创作《汉宫秋》的时候,对“历史叙事”有吸收,有改造,作了大胆的超越。但他的超越不是随意的,而是从现实的时代要求出发,抓住古与今的契合点,使之既符合艺术规律,又实现借古讽今的目的,成为一部富有现实意义的历史悲剧。这一改编的成功给现今历史题材作品的创作和改编以很好的启示。     

民族院校新闻传播学科发展的路径选择

民族院校应该是以全面服务于非主流族群作为自身的基本定位，民族院校的新闻传播学科要在准确理解这一定位的基础上确立自身的发展路径，以鲜明的特色建构来强化自身的学科核心竞争力。     

清时对钗黛形象的阐释研究——钗黛形象接受史研究系列之一

清代评论者对钗黛形象的理解与阐释,是<红楼梦>无限发展的接受链条上的第一环,他们对钗黛形象的理解,在很大程度上奠定了后人理解的基础;他们对钗黛形象理解的丰富性和差异性,以及在评论过程中流露出的强烈的主体心态,其背后复杂的原因值得我们探究.     

试论分部财务报告

经济的发展使跨行业、跨地区、跨国界的企业集团大量出现 ,客观反映集团的财务状况、经营成果显得更为重要 ,由此探讨分部报告理论及在我国的实施。     

略论东南亚华族的族群认同及其发展趋势

二战以后 ,东南亚华人的国家认同 ,逐渐从认同中国转为认同于当地 ;其族群认同也从认同于中华民族转为认同于华人族群。各国华人的族群规模、经济实力、凝聚力 ,以及当地国政府的华人政策的不同 ,其华人族群认同的发展过程和走势也各不相同。但总体趋势是融合于当地社会 ,或作为族群之一构成当地国家民族的组成部分 ,或是同化于当地主体族群。他们作为东南亚人 ,在今后很长时间中仍将保持强弱不等的华人族群认同的意识。