When,why, and how do powerholders “feel the power”? Examining the links between structural and psychological power and reviving the connection between power and responsibility

Recent research in social psychology has examined how psychological power affects organizational behaviors. Given that power in organizations is generally viewed as a structural construct, I examine the links between structural and psychological power and explore how their interrelationships affect organizational behavior. I argue that psychological power takes two forms: the (nonconscious) cognitive network for power and the conscious sense of power. Based on this view, I identify two causal pathways that link psychological power and structural power in predicting organizational behavior. First, the sense of power is likely to induce a sense of responsibility among (but not exclusively among) structural powerholders, which in turn leads structural powerholders to be more responsive to the views and needs of others. Second, the sense of power, when brought into conscious awareness, activates a non-conscious association between power and agentic behaviors, which in turn leads structural powerholders to enact agentic behaviors. I discuss the ways in which these predictions diverge from previous theorizing, and I address methodological challenges in examining the relationship between structural and psychological power. In doing so, I suggest that certain features of the predominant methodological approaches to studying psychological power may have induced a bias in the empirical findings that obscures the crucial link between power and responsibility.     

论坛与恳谈会：谁更接近协商民主的理想——中国协商民主实践形态的比较分析

协商民主承载了实现人民主权的理想。在当代中国，论坛与恳谈会是协商民主的典型实践形态。通过价值、效度、可持续性与可推广性三维度框架的比较分析发现，两者在实现民主程度的价值层面，难分轩轾；恳谈会比论坛的效度要高；论坛的可持续性已得到历史检验，而恳谈民主则有待观察；论坛比恳谈会的推广度高。中国协商民主的未来走向是：协商民主的实践形态之间将相互融合，而非正式领域的协商民主会向正式领域的协商民主扩散，而这必将进一步推动中国民主政治的转型与巩固。     

College Students’ Life Priorities: The Influence of Gender and Gender-linked Personality Traits

This study examined relations between gender-linked personality traits (i.e., agency and communion) and life goals in a sample of 237 undergraduates. In addition, gender similarities and differences in the relative importance of life goals were explored. As predicted, agency was positively associated with the importance of most achievement goals such as having a career, whereas communion and unmitigated communion were positively associated with the importance of relational goals such as romantic partnership. Contrary to predictions, results suggested that men were more willing than women to sacrifice some achievement goals for a romantic relationship. Findings point to the potential influence of gender and gender-linked personality traits on the establishment of life priorities. Catherine Mosher is a doctoral candidate in clinical psychology at the University at Albany, SUNY and a health psychology intern at Duke University Medical Center. She earned her master’s degree in clinical psychology from the University at Albany, SUNY.     

“德”“得”相通与公民道德践履

从人们道德行为选择的角度切入,通过对德行成本和道德赏罚机制在道德行为发生中的作用分析,论证了"德"得"相通的理论根据和实践基础,揭示了现实生活中人们选择善而回避恶的行为的内在激励机制和约束机制。