A sociolinguistic application of Bakhtin's authoritative and internally persuasive discourse

Through the use of two central Bakhtinian concepts, authoritative and internally persuasive discourse (word), this paper examines the tension between the ideology of linguistic hegemony as a source of power in the Greek public sphere and the condition of language shift faced by the Albanian‐speaking communities of modern Greece. I argue here that a cautious application of these two notions, which are relevant to linguistic ideology, can reveal crucial aspects of two processes: that of subordination to and that of questioning of the dominant linguistic ideology by local Albanian‐speaking communities. Thus, in language shift contexts, it is possible that no simple relations obtain that place social agents in unquestionable and easily predictable positions. Such an approach proves useful for the sociolinguistic study of threatened language communities.     

中西古代教育理念比较

本文选取对现代教育有直接影响的几个最重要文化区域，古希腊、古罗马、古犹太和古代中国，对比它们在的教育理念上的不同和由此而导致的教育结果。从教育的结果来看，斯巴达人重体能，雅典人重智力，罗马人重情商，犹太人重圣灵，中国人爱官位。     

试论希腊神话和中国神话的差异及其影响

本文通过对希腊神话和中国神话的详细对比分析,阐述了希腊神话和中国神话的差异及其实质,以及其对社会的重要影响.同时指出在现代社会中,我们应吸取西方文化中的精华部分,以促进文化和文明的进一步发展.尤其在外语教学中应加强文化教育,以促进跨文化交际.     

Whitewashing the nation: racist jokes and the construction of the African ‘other’ in Greek popular cinema

This article explores representations of race in three Greek popular films of the 1970s and 1980s. The portrayal of African characters in these films is antagonistically positioned in relation to the dominant, ‘whitewashed’ Greek national narrative which relies on the nineteenth century idea that Greece is the progenitor of European civilization. Often masquerading itself as ‘just a joke’, the discourse of these films narrates the African Other as lacking in terms of culture, intelligence and beauty – the three central categories upon which the idea of the ‘white supremacy’, according to Cornell West, is historically constructed in modernity. Tightly woven with this idea (largely introduced in Greece by the leading European powers), these films enunciate explicitly colonial viewpoints in a country that was neither a colonial power nor at the geopolitical center of the European project. The article argues that the racialized representations of these films are an effect of appropriating the Eurocentric idea of historicism, where the ‘progress’ and ‘backwardness’ of groups and nations are measured according to how effectively they perform the values of modernity.     

Phusis与Natura的词源考察与词义分析

希腊词phusis与拉丁词natura都是西方的"自然"概念,是罗马人将phusis翻译作natura。通过对二者进行词源考察和词义分析可知,它们都具有本源、存在和性质等基本含义;但是二者的词根之间和词缀之间的差异使得phusis的词义比natura更具能动性,并且phusis更倾向于意指"创造"等动作的目的,而natura更倾向于意指这些动作的结果。     

知识主体的突进与退隐:从笛卡尔到福柯

在西方哲学的知识论传统中,哲学家们倾向于把主体和客体理解为他们各自规范的知识观念所要求的必要功能。在古代哲学家们的思想中,自然和客体知识的可能性问题受到主要讨论,但没有明确地思考主体问题。近现代主体观的兴起所依赖的个体观念只是在后来的基督教思想中才进入哲学传统。以个体观念为先决条件的个体责任的观念已然现身于奥古斯丁的著作中。奥古斯丁对自我的直接诉求,天才般地开启了笛卡尔的"我思"观念的源头。由此形成的笛卡尔的知识主体,是一个抽象的认识论的假定,一个消极的旁观者。康德有限度地追随了笛卡尔的主体观念,但把笛卡尔的作为消极的旁观者的主体改造成了积极的行动者。康德在知识观上的这种"哥白尼式的"革命,构成了随后德国唯心主义主体观的基础。整体上看,康德之后的主体观存在着一种越来越向笛卡尔的主体观和古希腊的主体观隐退的明显倾向,及至海德格尔后期和后结构主义,这种倾向最终导致了向古希腊知识主体的全面回归。     

Public intellectuals,political satire and the birth of activist public relations: The case of Attic Comedy

The purpose of this article is to explore the origins of dissent public relations and to establish its emergence in the context of the ancient Greek comedy represented by Aristophanes. Indeed, Attic Comedy (also known as Old Comedy) was the first great example of today’s mass communication, in which political satire was used to dissent and protest against political and social circumstances in fifth-century BC Athens. This situation was conditioned by the Peloponnesian War and its political, economic and social consequences. From this perspective, this article also constitutes an investigation into the intellectual history of public relations, of which Aristophanes can be considered to be one of the first practitioners.     

从认知史角度比较荷马史诗与《俄狄浦斯王》中的卜释质疑

卜者对神的兆示的解释在东方和西方的古代社会都曾发挥过重要的作用,但古希腊文学中对卜释的不断质疑却构成了希腊文化独特的一面,并最终在一定程度上模塑了西方文化精神。从荷马史诗到《俄狄浦斯王》,其中的连续质疑之声中折射出西方认知史早期发展的独特轨迹。其中,《俄狄浦斯王》在西方认知发展史上具有一定的标示性意义。     

论自由思想发展的历史轨迹

自由既是哲学范畴，也是人在实践中不懈追求的崇高主题和最高价值。几千年的文明史留下了哲学家们探索自由的足迹。他们的思想理论既有合理成份也有片面性。马克思主义对哲学史上关于自由的全部思想成果进行了积极的扬弃，以实践为基础建立了科学的自由现。今天我们追寻自由思想发展的历史轨迹，对于继续探究这个比较复杂和敏感、又具有重大理论和实践意义的前沿问题，无疑是有着积极意义的。