虚拟交易和消费文化——评德莱塞《欲望三部曲》的主题

中国学界对美国现代著名作家德莱塞的《美国悲剧》和《嘉莉妹妹》评介甚丰,但对他在长达半个世纪创作的、代表他一生创作思想和哲学思考转变的《欲望三部曲》———《金融家》、《巨人》和《禁欲者》却着墨不多。本文探讨三部曲中表现出来的消费主义主题,剖析作者在这个问题上的矛盾态度,指出他这种态度背后与主流意识形态间的协调和颠覆关系。     

Polanyi,Hayek and embedded neoliberalism

ABSTRACT

Written originally on the seventieth anniversary of the publication of Friedrich von Hayek’s The Road to Serfdom and Karl Polanyi’s The Great Transformation, this article critically analyses how the ideas of Hayek and Polanyi have been deployed to understand neoliberalism. It argues that dominant scholarly interpretations tend to miss the significance of each thinker to an understanding of neoliberalism, as well as some of the key dynamics of neoliberal forms of capitalist regulation. Drawing upon the work of Polanyi, the article advances the concept of embedded neoliberalism. From the 1970s neoliberal regulations became deeply embedded in a series of institutions, class relations and ideological norms. This helps to explain both the durability of neoliberalism, and the onset of crisis in 2008. In this context, Hayek’s ideas are best understood as providing a malleable set of concepts underpinning neoliberal ideology, rather than the chief causal agent in the neoliberal transformation of states and economies.     

Neoliberalism as a real utopia? Karl Polanyi and the theoretical practice of F. A. Hayek

ABSTRACT

This article interprets Hayek’s theoretical practice with the help of Polanyi’s framework. Hayek aimed at renewing liberalism after the interwar period, thus helping transforming it into neoliberalism, a real utopia instrumentally concerned with the political and moral economies underpinning markets. The distance between neoliberal theory and practice is less pronounced than it is sometimes assumed. The strength of neoliberalism partially stems from a capacity to articulate an effort to think about real-world mechanisms with an effort to demolish, reconfigure or transform existing structures. Despite his failure to anticipate neoliberalism, Polanyi gives ample intellectual resources to critically interpret the tasks that neoliberals would collectively have to face at the theoretical level, in an epoch of ideological marginality, before their triumphal political deployment at the global level.     

试论撒切尔政府的英国工会改革

20世纪70年代末,英国工会由于被赋予过多的法律保护,出现某种工会特权,紧张的劳资关系成为推行撒切尔革命的巨大障碍。在1975—1979年,保守党在野时期并没有为将来执政制定完善的反工会政策。80年代,撒切尔政府以新自由主义思想家哈耶克的反工会思想为指导,在实践中不断摸索,采取谨慎的"渐进战略",通过一系列工会立法,打击和削弱工会势力,使英国劳资关系发生实质性的变化。     

哈耶克论“社会正义”

哈耶克的正义论是其自由主义的重要组成部分,在当代西方具有重要的影响。哈耶克通过他所理解的“社会正义”入手,在批判“社会正义”中,提出了他的正义观,充分显示了自由主义政治哲学的理论本质。虽然他的正义观并非尽善尽美,但他对“社会正义”的批判具有深邃的洞察力和深远的影响力。     

哈耶克"自生自发秩序"概念评析

基于“自由”与“一般规则”二元模式阐释了哈耶克的“自生自发秩序”理论,认为过去以“自由”、“一般规则”与“竞争”三元模式理解哈耶克“自生自发秩序”有失偏颇,并进而对“自生自发秩序”概念展开了评析。     

知识理性、自由与极权主义的批判：波普尔与哈耶克之比较

在文本解读的基础上对波普尔和哈耶克政治哲学思想的演绎逻辑进行比较。分析认为,波普尔和哈耶克虽然主要的研究领域不同,但从相同的根本性前提和世界观推论出一个共同的哲学主题,那就是对极权主义的批判;就此而言,二者不但出发点和结论是一致的,并且在演绎逻辑上也相互补充,相互支持,共同对极权主义进行了有力的批判。     

解读哈耶克的自由主义法思想

哈耶克是20世纪西方著名的政治学家和经济学家,当代新自由主义思潮的代表人物。他毕生视自由为永恒之理想,一贯坚持古典自由主义观点,将自由界定为"独立于别人的专断意志之外"。哈耶克主张在法治下实现自由,哈耶克对法律的思考是紧密地与个人自由、自发秩序、正义、民主、法治等相联系的。哈耶克的理论极为宏大,本文仅试图从法律与自由、法律与秩序以及法治这三个方面来基本的把握哈耶克的自由主义法律思想。     

Polanyi vs Hayek?

ABSTRACT

Karl Polanyi and Friedrich Hayek are often portrayed as implacable intellectual opponents but their respective historical trajectories suggest some telling similarities. Here we describe some key similarities in their approach to markets, as a prelude to evaluating the political consequences of relying upon their Austrian conceptions of nature-based and constructivist framing of markets. Perhaps it is time to transcend their dichotomy.     

哈耶克对现象秩序和物理秩序的区分——兼论格雷对哈耶克的康德主义解释的限度

哈耶克在其心智理论中区分了现象秩序和物理秩序,对此约翰·格雷做了康德主义的解释。然而哈耶克的论题并不直接得自康德,而来自对马赫的反叛。在哈耶克看来,马赫的感觉要素一元论和心物平行论具有还原主义倾向,即把心理科学还原成了物理科学,为此哈耶克在区分两种秩序的基础上重新解释了心理学的任务。就此而言,格雷使用物自身这样的康德式术语来解释哈耶克、并对之做出不可知论引申的做法是不合适的。