Child Characteristics,Parenting Stress,and Parental Involvement: Fathers Versus Mothers

This study examined variations in the relationships among child characteristics, parenting stress, and parental involvement. Participants were 100 two‐parent families with preschool‐aged children. Self‐report and interview data were collected to measure parental involvement, as well as perceptions of child temperament and parental stress. Analyses revealed significant, yet somewhat different, associations between child temperament and parental stress for mothers and fathers. More significant associations were found between perceptions of child temperament and involvement for fathers than for mothers. The associations between child temperament and parental stress and involvement differed on the basis of child and parent gender. Results are discussed in terms of future research on father involvement, as well as programs designed to encourage fathers to assume more active parental roles.     

从教育理念的视角解读高等教育大众化

高等教育大众化过程中出现了一系列令人深思的问题,教育理念的陈旧是其中一个重要原因。因此,变革教育理念是适应高等教育大众化发展的迫切要求。本文论述了高等教育大众化进程中转变教育理念的初步设想及其现实意义。     

突出竞争意识 弘扬三国文化——浅论三国历史文化如何面向当代大众

三国历史是一部竞争的历史,其中关于生存竞争的谋略智慧,已经成为世界性的文化遗产。开发这笔遗产,需要大家共同努力。针对世人生活竞争压力增大的实际,提出引导人们学习研究三国历史文化中的竞争思想,希望借此达到提高人们竞争能力和突破原有功利局限的效果,进而实现对整个三国历史文化的全面把握。     

从"公民参与"到"群众参与"——转型期城市社区参与的范式转换与实践逻辑

中国的城市社区参与是一种出于国家治理需要的自上而下的制度安排,居民的行动逻辑与行动策略以及政府与居民的互动过程呈现出不同的特点,社区参与具有很强的革命时期形成的国家动员、群众参与的传统烙印。群众参与理论对国家动员机制和动员技术、群众参与逻辑与参与策略,以及国家与群众的复杂而微妙的互动过程的研究,能为当前中国城市的社区参与提供更富解释力的理论视角。在动员居民参与社区事务过程中,基层政府和社区居委会采取地方性权威式动员,它是社会转型背景下适应城市社会变迁的一种新型的权力技术,既运用原有行政组织网络的强大动员力量,又借用基于人情的地方性互动网络等非正式因素,将社区居民纳入社区建设和国家政权建设过程之中。     

Community involvement in land regularization for informal settlements in Tanzania: A strategy for enhancing security of tenure in residential neighborhoods

This paper documents and analyzes how landholders managed to uplift status of their neighborhood from hazard land as designated by the 1978 master plan to a regularized residential settlement through land regularization in Dar es Salaam city. Specifically, explores policy framework governing land regularization and how the local community explored the opportunities it offers. Documents the local community planning and land regularization processes undertaken focusing on land use planning, drainage construction, and cadastral survey and discuses how financial resources were raised, trust was built as well as factors which sustained community involvement towards meeting their interests of securing tenure. The paper also, draws challenges facing land regularization policy and recommends areas for further interventions commensurate with the human dimension challenges in securing tenure.Underlying community involvement, those aspects of community, which have been connected to the idea of social capital namely existence of committed leadership in land development matters, embracing mechanism for participatory decision making process and educational background to local leaders were particularly important in determining success for the case. Others include economic ability to contribute, high proportion of landholder settlers, land conflict task force formulation, local consensus to solve commonly felt problems, existence of strong community organization, and unwritten norms put in place to regulate individual behavior in building construction. Weak legal recognition of informal settlement, lengthy and bureaucratic procedures in planning and approval of regularization plans, weak knowledge on land management matters, short-term title deeds with low financial betterments, political popularity are identified critical challenges.Some of recommendations put forward include formalization of the grass-roots role in decision-making, decentralizing some of land development control functions to sub-ward leaders and training the same in basic land management matters. Others include definition of norms; by-laws and government facilitation of informal land parceling. Besides community support should be sought so as to create partnership in the promotion of security of tenure in informal areas. The study concludes that, unless land development activities ongoing in informal settlements are closely monitored and regulated as the settlement grow, it will be too costly socially and economically to retrofit once the settlement have identified.     

合作学习与课堂参与性——通过合作学习促进英语课堂学生参与性的实验研究

鉴于英语教学重心向语言输出和运用能力的转移,学生在课堂上不再是被动的接受者.富兰克林说(1706-1790):告诉我,我会忘记;教给我,我可能记住;让我参与,我才能学会.因此,怎样让学生成为课堂的主体和积极的参与者成为教师关注的话题.本文通过实证研究调查了利用合作学习法提高英语课堂学生参与性的可能性和可行性,对比分析了实验班和控制班课堂参与状况,并对合作学习的实施提出了建设性的建议.     

坚持全心全意为人民服务的宗旨--试论邓小平的群众思想

邓小平始终把对人民群众的态度问题、同人民群众的关系问题,当作第一位的政治问题,认为要实现全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨,我们的党必须以为人民谋利益作为全部工作的出发点和归宿,以能否实现人民的意愿和利益作为衡量我们一切工作成效的最高标准。共产党员要坚持走群众路线,心系人民,关心群众,为群众多办实事、多办好事,并要代表人民掌好权、用好权。     

论大众文化消费及其特征

文化消费是现代人在物质生活得到丰富的同时进行精神状态的自我调整,充实感情和复归人性的一种重要方式。大众文化更是掀起了一股文化消费的大众化浪潮,以满足人们的娱乐消费需求,大众文化也成为大众传媒时代满足大众闲暇时间的文化消费需求的最好形式。大众文化消费有其独特的消费文化特征。     

戏剧与北京的民俗文化

从民俗文化学的意义上说,民俗作为一种文化是无处不在的。戏剧与北京的民俗文化表现为一种互动关系,一方面是民俗活动需要戏剧的参与,戏剧融入到民俗文化中;另一方面是民俗对戏剧的渗入,梨园的演出习俗就是其表现之一。同时,民俗文化也在一定程度上影响到戏剧的风格。     

平教会定县实验中的农村卫生工作之考察

中华平民教育促进会定县实验区在二十世纪三十年代创立了一套由村保健员、乡保健所、县保健院组成的三级卫生保健网,并在学校卫生、妇婴保健、传染病预防和疾病治疗等方面做出了显著的成绩,在当时产生了广泛的影响,对我们今天来说仍值得借鉴。