A note on measures of similarity based on centrality

This note presents a measure of similarity between connected nodes in terms of centrality based on Euclidean distances, and compares it to ‘assortative mixing’ [Newman, M.E.J., 2002. Assortative mixing in networks. Physical Review Letters 89, 208701], which is based on Pearson correlation coefficient. This study suggests that the measure based on Euclidean distances may be more appropriate for relatively smaller (N < 500) and denser networks.     

Effects of some design factors on the distribution of similarity indices in cluster analysis

This article investigates the effects of number of clusters, cluster size, and correction for chance agreement on the distribution of two similarity indices, namely, Jaccard and Rand indices. Skewness and kurtosis are calculated for the two indices and their corrected forms then compared with those of the normal distribution. Three clustering algorithms are implemented: complete linkage, Ward, and K-means. Data were randomly generated from bivariate normal distributions with specified means and variance covariance matrices. Three-way ANOVA is performed to assess the significance of the design factors using skewness and kurtosis of the indices as responses. Test statistics for testing skewness and kurtosis and observed power are calculated. Simulation results showed that independent of the clustering algorithms or the similarity indices used, the interaction effect cluster size x number of clusters and the main effects of cluster size and number of clusters were found always significant for skewness and kurtosis. The three way interaction of cluster size x correction x number of clusters was significant for skewness of Rand and Jaccard indices using all clustering algorithms, but was not significant using Ward's method for both Rand and Jaccard indices, while significant for Jaccard only using complete linkage and K-means algorithms. The correction for chance agreement was significant for skewness and kurtosis using Rand and Jaccard indices when complete linkage method is used. Hence, such design factors must be taken into consideration when studying distribution of such indices.     

Disequilibrium multi-dividing ontology learning algorithm

As an effective tool for data storage, processing, and computing, ontology has been used in many fields of computer science and information technology. By means of its powerful performance on semantic query and knowledge extraction, domain ontology has been built on various disciplines such as biology, pharmaceutics, geography, chemistry, etc. and been smoothly employed for their engineering applications. In these ontology applications, we aim to get an optimal ontology function which maps each ontology to a real number and then determine the similarity between concepts by the distance of their corresponding real numbers. In former ontology learning approaches, all the instances in the training sample have equal status in the learning process. In this article, we present the disequilibrium multi-dividing ontology algorithm in which the important ontology data will be highlighted during the learning, and the relevant ontology data tend to be eliminated. Four experiments are designed to test the serviceability of our disequilibrium multi-dividing algorithm from angles of ontology similarity measuring and ontology mapping construction.     

《释名》中的“同字为训”

文章对《释名》中的20例同字为训从语音变异、语义差别、词性异同、语义关系方面进行了全面分析，指出《释名》中的同字为训是同字异词现象，其训释是成立的；并进而指出，同字为训在同源系联中有可利用的价值。     

中国古代艺术形神论刍议(下)

“离形得似”与“以形写神”（上篇）相对应,构成了中国艺术形神论中的有神论一派。对此,较早从理论上系统阐述的是庄子,到唐代又有了更大的发展与充实。“离形得似”的审美内涵有三：一是反对把形似作为神似的基础,不认为形似与神似之间有着必然的联系。二是主张由内而外,以神写形,追求“不似似之”的变形效果。二是在艺术形象创造上强调以“真”为核心,侧重于主体内在精神的对象化。这在今天仍有其理论借鉴意义。     

日汉动物词汇的文化意蕴异同

本文通过对日汉动物词语进行广泛的例举和深入对比,提示了中日两国文化的一些异同.     

Measuring non-linear dependence for two random variables distributed along a curve

We propose new dependence measures for two real random variables not necessarily linearly related. Covariance and linear correlation are expressed in terms of principal components and are generalized for variables distributed along a curve. Properties of these measures are discussed. The new measures are estimated using principal curves and are computed for simulated and real data sets. Finally, we present several statistical applications for the new dependence measures.     

概念隐喻理论与概念整合理论的联系与区别

本文首先分别回顾了Lakoff和Johnson提出的概念隐喻理论以及由Fauconnnier和Turner提出的概念整合理论的主要观点。通过对比,总结出这两种理论具有相似认知过程的联系和对隐喻现象的有区别的理解,由此得出两者在解释隐喻现象时是互补的结论。最后指出了这两个理论存在的缺陷,为发展和完善概念隐喻理论与概念整合理论指明了方向。     

钗黛实为同根生——从原型批评理论看“钗黛一体”

在《红楼梦》的显性表达中,林黛玉和薛宝钗素来代表两种迥异的处世哲学和人生价值观,而若从荣格的原型批评理论入手,以分析人格面具为出发点,从性格、才能、命运的差异进行逆向探究,追溯人物性理的终极意义和心理积淀的艺术呈示,便能将其人格面具发展的原因和过程理出清晰脉络,最后论证出虽然钗黛看似二人,但是实为一体,也从侧面说明研究脂批对于探寻曹雪芹创作匠心的重要意义。