虎鲨对温度、pH值的耐受性研究

本文报道了在LRH-250E型培养箱中对平均尾重0.2g和1.2g的虎鲨进行温度耐受性试验,并对均重1.2g的虎鲨做了pH耐受性研究。结果表明:尾重O.2g的虎鲨在驯化温度为20℃时,水温突变引起的致死高温为41℃,致死低温为14℃;尾重1.2g虎鲨在驯化温度为24℃时,水温突变引起的致死高温是42℃,致死低温为14.5℃。尾重1.2g虎鲨能够耐受的pH值其上限是11.51,下限是2.52。     

中日城市供水系统静态效率的对比研究

文章运用DEA方法，评价了北京、东京、上海以及横滨等城市2003年-2005年间供水系统的静态效率，发现日本三个城市供水系统的效率要高于中国三个城市的效率，造成这种状况的原因主要在于中国的水价体系还不够完善，供水企业收益不能完全回收其成本。     

Household strategies in the face of resource scarcity in coastal Ghana: are they associated with development priorities?

In many developing regions, women and young girls spend several hours daily in the collection of natural resources. Still the link between these household resource strategies and stakeholder perceptions of development priorities remains unexplored. This project examines this association with survey data representative of the adult population from Ghana’s Coastal Region. Although natural resource scarcity and the sustainability of resource use represent key development challenges, there are others (e.g., energy, sanitation, employment, and educational opportunities). As such, even in the face of natural resource scarcity, individuals may place greater importance on other dimensions of development, especially if household resource strategies are perceived as relatively efficient. The analytical focus here is on water and the results suggest that gender roles shape household water collection strategies, while also shaping these strategies’ perceived opportunity costs. Specifically, Ghanian adults more often see drinking water provision as their primary development need when water sources are distant and/or when male household members collect water (particularly male heads). In the end, I argue that social science inquiry benefits by contextualizing social dynamics within environmental context, particularly within cultural settings in which human subsistence is intimately tied to the state of the natural environment.     

关于我国水权法律制度的思考

水权的涵义和性质是近年来法学界关注的热点问题,目前我国学者对水权的内涵和性质都没有统一的看法,文章通过对水权内涵的界定,认为水权是一种用益物权。在此基础上分析了我国现行水资源法律制度的缺陷,并提出了完善我国水权法律制度的建议。     

太湖地区水利工程与环境生态

太湖流域水利建设取得了一定的成绩,然而水利工程对该流域的水情、水质、渔业及地方病等也带来若干环境生态问题。所以应该重视水利工程环境影响评价和运用管理,及对水域环境生态指标考核等工作。     

潘金莲:从《水浒传》到《金瓶梅》

《金瓶梅》的故事框架是从《水浒传》第22回到第31回中移植过来,又加进了作者天才的创造。细比较二书对于同一人物的描写,有助于对《金瓶梅》作者的创作初衷、《金瓶梅》一书主题等方面的探究。文章选用潘金莲作为剖析的材料,发现存在诸多差异,而且这种差异正与二书的主题、表现重点各有不同等息息相关。     

设立村级河长提升农村水环境治理绩效了吗?——基于倾向得分匹配(PSM)的反事实估计

农村水环境长期存在“边治理、边衰退”和地方政府监管乏力问题,通过广泛设立村级河长能促进农村水环境治理绩效的提升吗?基于黄河流域4省份实地调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)实证检验村级河长的设立对农村水环境治理绩效的影响及机制,比较不同流域差异、地理区位及村庄规模下的组群差异。实证结果表明:村级河长的设立能够显著提升农村水环境治理绩效,对上游村庄、中小型村庄、近郊村的水环境治理绩效有显著的提升效应,且稳健性检验后结论依然成立。进一步的机制分析发现,村级河长有效治理的深层原因在于村庄内部知识资源、关系资源、动员能力发挥着中介效应,在政府纵向激励问责机制的驱动下村级河长通过资源整合与策略化动员,有效弥补自身治水资源不足的缺陷,避开低绩效陷阱,进而提升河长制在“最后一公里”的政策效应。     

Farmers,trust, and the market solution to water pollution: The role of social embeddedness in water quality trading

Water quality trading (WQT) is a market arrangement in which a point-source water polluter pays farmers to implement conservation practices and claims the resulting benefits as credits toward meeting a pollution permit. Success rates of WQT programs nationwide are highly variable. Most of the literature on WQT is from an economic perspective emphasizing property rights, transaction costs, and the role of the price signal, but this institutional approach cannot fully account for the differential success rates between and within WQT programs. In this paper I turn to the role of social embeddedness and trust in helping explain these variable outcomes. Using interview data from all WQT programs nationwide I demonstrate that differential success rates between, and particularly within programs is largely determined by the presence or absence of a trusted local intermediary with relationships to the farming community. Trust helps WQT programs succeed because it makes information more credible to farmers, makes outreach to farmers more efficient, and buffers the risk that farmers may perceive in participating in the trading scheme.     

动态性与静态性:教学目标的确定及实现——以“教育研究方法”课程为例

教学目标的存在有应然状态和实然状态之分。"教育研究方法"课程的静态目标应具体体现为"涵养科学精神、问题意识的形成、基本研究技能的掌握和有效获取文献信息",这些目标在实现过程中必然存在着动态性选择。     

让施耐庵归真返璞——就《水浒》作者问道于刘世德、马成生、应守岩先生

阐述《水浒传》作者施耐庵生平事迹至今不详的历史和现实原因,剖析以人废言的弊端,以张国光先生风范向刘世德先生进言,就马成生先生《杭州与水浒》提出不同看法,驳斥应守岩先生对耐庵故里——江苏兴化的诬蔑,呼吁海内外学人让施耐庵归真反璞。