黑社会性质组织财产刑的适用

2011年《刑法修正案（八）》中对黑社会性质组织罪增设了财产刑,从而形成了对黑社会性质组织及其成员财产的三种处置措施：罚金、没收财产与刑事没收。在黑社会性质组织及其成员财产的处理上需要贯彻宽严相济刑事政策,即“在整体从严的基础上,区别对待”。合理地认定黑社会性质组织及其成员的财产与财产的性质,是黑社会性质组织财产适用的关键。在“灰色”财产的认定与处理上,我国司法实践的越权处理有导致财产刑的异化的危险,亟待立法上补足财产来源合法性举证责任倒置的规定。     

美国“无辜物主抗辩”近观

美国的"无辜物主抗辩"经历了从无到有,从弱到强的发展历程。在漫长的形成与发展过程中,美国法律逐渐探索出根植于美国法治土壤的独特的第三人财产保护制度。现行的"无辜物主抗辩"也为美国民事没收制度带来了新的发展力量。从历史发展的角度了解美国"无辜物主抗辩"的由来,并深入分析《美国法典》现行的"无辜物主抗辩"的相关概念及其适用,既是对美国民事没收程序的深入了解,更是中国今后在第三人财产保护制度上可以借鉴与参考的理论基础。     

非经刑事定罪的没收制度与我国相关法律完善

在简单介绍《联合国反腐败公约》关于非经刑事定罪而没收犯罪财产制度的基础上,通过对民事没收和缺席审判在未经刑事定罪情况下实现对财产没收进行比较分析,得出缺席审判更适合中国国情的结论,并对缺席审判制度的进一步完善提出建议。     

The self-exclusion program: legal and clinical considerations

In recent years, attention focused on compulsive gambling,¹ and its causes and cures, has increased at a notable rate. Among the measures taken to help the compulsive gambler is the voluntary² self-exclusion program which is either in place or being considered in various states.³ Although the programs differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, the basic premise is that the gambler requests that he be banned from the gaming establishment and/or removed from its mailing list. This article examines this new concept primarily from a legal perspective. The self-exclusion program represents a state-created legal entity constructed upon a clinical foundation. It prominently includes several clinical references to mental health principles. Of necessity, there appear some analogies to the field of substance abuse; these have provided at least a starting point for more particularized study and research in the fledgling field of compulsive gambling treatment.     

没收财产刑废止论——从历史考察到现实分析

没收财产刑是一种将犯罪人个人财产的一部或者全部无偿收归国有的刑罚方法。这一古老刑种走过了由盛转衰的历史演变历程,在当今世界上已遭绝大多数国家淘汰。在当代刑罚理念中,没收财产刑因为反常理和反常情的手段构成了对基本人权的侵犯,同时违反刑法的公正价值和节俭要求,并与罪责自负原则严重抵触。废止该刑是我国构建和谐与理性的刑罚体系的必然要求。