Juvenile Delinquency Under Conditions of Rapid Social Change

Increased juvenile delinquency can be seen as an indicator for a deteriorating social fabric under conditions of rapid social change. Criminological theories suggest, however, that such conditions do not per se produce delinquency: They force youth into prodelinquent leisure activities with peers, leading to an endorsement of delinquent behavior and offering the infrastructure for it. Resources acquired in family and public life, however, may prevent youth from drifting into such prodelinquent leisure activities and indirectly from delinquent behavior. Empirical tests of these hypotheses have to employ simultaneous analyses of societal-level and individual-level data. On the basis of an international youth study, the paper undertakes such an analysis: In the years 1992–95, data from 42 independent samples of seventh graders from East and West Germany, Poland, Russia, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary, Czechia, and Greece were surveyed. Data on deviant school behavior, delinquent drift, nurturant parenting, and subjective feelings of justice in public were obtained from 7282 thirteen- to fourteen-year-olds. Processes of rapid social change were incorporated as data on changes in GNP in the years proceeding the surveys. Analyses show that delinquent drift is a valid predictor of deviant school behavior only on the individual level. The extent to which adolescents engage in prodelinquent peer activities depends more on the cultural context in which adolescents live than on their personal experience in the family and in public. Nurturant parenting does, however, covary negatively with deviant school behavior irrespective of level of analysis.     

城市道路交通问题与对策探讨

从中国大城市交通堵塞现象着手,研究了机动车辆的增加与道路通行能力的关系,以及机动车迅速增长所带来的环境污染问题,分析了问题产生的原固及其危害程度,探讨改善城市交通的途径和解决的方案,提出适当限制个人轿车,积极发展轨道交通,规划建设中心网络城市的现点。     

世界经济增速下滑与中国经济持续快速增长

世界经济增速下滑对我国经济虽有严重的不利影响 ,但只要我们坚持扩大内需的方针 ,继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策 ,大力调整经济结构 ,进一步提高对外开放水平 ,深化经济体制改革 ,中国经济就能保持持续快速健康发展     

2020年的中国经济

自改革开放以来,中国经济的快速增长已经保持了26年。从目前中国的生产力水平与发达国家的相对落差来看,在一个较长的时期内保持经济快速增长的潜力仍然很大。同时,也要看到经济运行中潜在的矛盾和问题。主要是近两年经济增长速度的加快,在一定程度上是由粗放型增长推动的。未来15年将是我国经济走向现代化的关键阶段,这个阶段既可以成为一个快速增长期,也可能成为一个矛盾多发的徘徊期,能不能争取第一种前途,避免第二种前途,取决于增长方式转变、新农村建设与构建和谐社会三大问题的解决。要建立鼓励企业技术开发投入的机制,通过自主创新带动结构优化升级和经济增长方式转变;要实现城乡之间、区域之间的协调发展,加快农村、农业的发展,缩小城乡发展差距;要抓住关系人民切身利益的重大问题推进和谐社会建设,重点解决好就业、社会保障、收入分配和发展社会事业4个方面的问题。     

努力发挥比较优势,加快湖北文化发展

为落实中部地区崛起战略,湖北应努力发挥比较优势,加快文化发展,增强文化自觉,推进文化创新,扩大文化开放,把湖北省建成中西部文化强省。     

一种疏水缔合聚合物快速溶解方法研究

研究了疏水缔合聚合物（AP–P4）经过拉伸装置后的溶解时间。结果表明，拉伸装置可以缩短疏水缔合聚合物的溶解时间；拉伸装置的最佳间距为200 μm，此时疏水缔合聚合物的溶解时间为25 min。经拉伸装置处理后的疏水缔合聚合物可以在30 min 内达到溶解；提高温度可以显著改善疏水缔合聚合物的溶解效果，缩短疏水缔合聚合物的溶解时间。     

The roller-coaster of experiences: becoming the parent of a deaf child

When early testing indicates a hearing loss, parents find themselves on a roller-coaster of experiences leaving little time or space for reflection. This study is based on interviews with families in the Flemish region of Belgium, one of the earliest in the world to introduce universal neonatal screening for hearing loss. Starting from a phenomenological approach, we explore parents’ accounts of their experiences in order to uncover the meanings of early parenting of a child identified with a label. Soon after birth, these parents encounter a different world in which intertwined discourses construct parenthood with a deaf child. During the process of becoming a parent, representations of deafness as impairment were omnipresent. In contrast to a medical and technological perspective that insists on the need to intervene as fast as possible, it is argued that the private and social implications of rapid intervention require explicit consideration.     

快速城镇化中政府行为对失地农民就业的影响--基于天津“宅基地换房”试点镇调查的博弈分析

我国快速城镇化过程中，失地农民的就业是其市民化的关键。对天津4个“宅基地换房”试点镇的调研表明，“换房农民”换房后虽然平均收入有所增加，但支出的增长更快，净收入有减少的趋势；而其就业状况也不容乐观，2012年有50．67％的劳动力没有工作，有36．44％的家庭依靠政府补贴生活。对政府行为与“换房农民”就业的博弈分析表明，一次性货币补偿过多或提供的失业保障过多，都会降低“换房农民”的就业意愿，而政府提供有效的就业服务则可促进“换房农民”的就业。因此，政府应完善征地补偿制度，构建失地农民多渠道安置体系；完善社会保障制度，实施适度的失业保障；提供有效的就业服务，提高失地农民实现就业的概率，并降低其找工作的成本。     

德国政府在城市化推进过程中的作用及启示

1871年-1910年是德国城市化快速推进的时期,在此期间德国的经济社会结构发生了显著变化,但同时也产生了各种社会问题.针对这些问题德国政府及时采取措施,在居民住宅、社会保障、教育等方面进行了一系列的制度变革和创新,从而保证了德国城市化进程的顺利推进.     

基于RPi的面曝光快速成形机控制系统

为了简化面曝光快速成形机的控制系统,降低其成本,提出了一种基于树莓派( Raspberry Pi,RPi)卡片电脑的面 曝光快速成形机控制系统。系统以Raspberry Pi为控制核心,以Linux为操作系统,通过Pvthon编程控制,实现了对面曝 光快速成形机的掩模图形投影和工作台运动控制;利用接入以太网的Raspberry Pi,实现了对面曝光快速成形机的远程 登录、文件传输以及实时监控。控制系统大大减小了面曝光快速成形机的占用空间,降低了成本,且具备远程操作功能, 有利于面曝光快速成形机进入大众市场。