从堕胎权之争看美国宪政及美国社会——以“罗伊诉韦德案”为例

"罗伊案"在美国政治生活中具有广泛而深远的影响.由"罗伊案"引发的堕胎权之争,在美国的政界、司法界和社会各个层面掀起了轩然大波."罗伊案"和此前的"布朗案"推动了美国司法复审制度的建设进程;围绕堕胎权的问题,衍生了选择权利派和生命权利派的对抗:由对选择权和生命权的认可,加剧了美国上个世纪末的政治分野;通过"罗伊案"的推动,美国妇女运动超越了对"性自由"、男女平等等权利的诉求,在更深、更广的层面延展.     

市场经济与经济法的调整对象

经济法的调整对象是经济法学的核心问题和理论基石,但法学界对这一概念的界定一直存在着争论。文章从法与经济法关系的角度出发分析了经济法调整对象的范围问题,并提出自己的观点。     

虚拟企业中会计核算对象的确认

基于虚拟企业的特点 ,分析虚拟企业对会计核算前提和原则的影响 ,探讨虚拟企业中资产、产权、剩余、收入、成本费用、利润 6大会计核算对象的确认     

论咏物词创新的前提

积极向上的淑世精神是人心的法则 ,是历史的蕲向 ;规律、信仰、仁爱、美丽 ,从来都是文学创作的终极关怀 ,也是文学史对具体作家、作品扬弃的标准。那些催人奋进、发人思考、形质兼美的作品 ,无疑是文学史上最有价值的作品。咏物词的创新也应该自觉贴近时代和历史的要求 ,以积极的淑世精神作为开掘题材内涵和抒情言志的核心。清初咏物名家曹贞吉和朱彝尊的创作实践为我们提供了正反两方面的经验和教训     

试论中国古代宗教崇拜对象及天人关系之演变

中国古代宗教的崇拜对象是在特定的自然环境和人文环境下 ,从原始宗教发展而来 ,主要是“人”对抽象的“天”进行崇拜。后来 ,在儒道两家的批评和改造下 ,其崇拜对象逐渐由“神灵之天”向“义理之天”、“命运之天”以及“自然之天”演变。与之相应的天人关系 ,也由“天人相分”到“天人相通”,直至最后发展到“天人合一”的最高精神境界。     

法律关系客体之探究

受法律调整的社会关系即为法律关系 ,受刑法调整的社会关系即为刑事法律关系。刑事法律关系的客体应是刑事法律关系主体双方权利和义务所指向的、受刑法所保护的、被犯罪行为所破坏的社会关系 ,不应是具体的物、智力成果、行为。法理学、民法学、经济法学中均将法律关系客体界定为物、智力成果和行为 ,与刑事法律关系客体不一致。在理论上应将其统一起来     

我国外资银行法律监管初探

本文探讨了我国外资银行法律监管中存在的若干问题,同时针对这些问题提出在外资银行监管过程中应该明确监管目标,加强国际监管合作,完善国内相关立法,强调监管的持续性与统一性,实现监管机关的独立性等建议。     

论自然体权利及其保护

自然体权利能否在环境法中确认,是近几年来环境法学界一直探讨的话题。传统法学囿于人类中心主义的偏见,从权利、义务和法律关系理论否认自然体权利的存在。党的十九大报告中提出的“人与自然是生命共同体”理念从人与自然整体性视角重新解读自然体的主体性地位,为自然体权利的法律化进程提供了理论依据。针对我国自然体权利在法律规范上的缺失,借鉴国外自然体权利保护实践经验,我国应以自然互惠原则、风险预防原则为基础,以代理制度、公共信托制度、公众参与制度为实践方式,注重自然体受到损害时的补救,提倡自然法庭,构建人与自然生命共同体的自然权利观的中国方案。     

Translating Spirituality: Universalism and Particularism in the Diffusion of Spiritual Care from the United States to Israel

Research on the transnational diffusion of ideas and practices shows how cultural objects go through translation, adaptation, and vernacularization when implemented in new localities. Less attention is given to the translators themselves and their heterogeneous and often conflicting visions. Drawing on the notion of transnational social fields (TSF s), this article investigates how cultural objects get vernacularized differently in different parts of the TSF , demonstrating how processes of translation reflect larger social and political struggles over questions of identity. As a case study, we focus on the attempt of actors from Israel and the United States to institutionalize spiritual care in Israeli health‐care organizations. The analysis reveals how spiritual care functioned as a porous cultural object, open to a wide range of interpretations and debates. While actors in New York saw in spiritual care the opportunity to bridge to Israeli Jews and create a global Jewish identity, Israeli actors split between using spiritual care as a vehicle for creating a local Israeli Jewish identity and seeing in spiritual care the opportunity to establish universal identities, broader than the Jewish one. The disagreement and conflicts between the groups influenced the translation process, turning it into a contentious struggle that involved different positions on the continuum between particularism and universalism.     

The Place of Construction in Sociological Realism

In the contemporary epistemological debate on social reality, characterized by the crisis of post‐modern theories and the emergence of new forms of realism, are there any approaches not acknowledging some specific ontological character to the construction of social objects? The question is apparently rhetorical, but the implication of this problem are not obvious. In the sociological literature the opposition between reality and construction is not clearly defined. Sometimes it is considered a dichotomy, in other situations the synthesis of alternative theses in a dialectical horizon. The more systematic attempt considers reality and construction as analytical macro‐dimensions where the relation between social ontology and epistemology operates. From this stance, the acknowledgement of the role of social construction in a wider realist horizon is the true overtaking of postmodern philosophy. If it is true that facts exist beyond representations, it is also true that representations themselves have a specific effect on reality, who continually re‐structures itself around specific relations of emergent power. Stating that reality is socially constructed is an evident limit of postmodern theories. On the other hand, stating that only facts exist constitute an impoverishment of realism and its replacement in neo‐positivism. Social phenomena are real because they are based on specific properties of the inter‐subjective construction of social reality. This thesis represents the revitalization of an advanced, anti‐positivistic realism and the definition of the specificity of social objects. The aim of this essay is to search for a specific place of construction within the development of realist social ontology.