Consumption and poverty in the homes of the English poor,c. 1670–1834

The consumer behaviour of the poor in the long eighteenth century has attracted more historical attention in recent years. Yet, we have little understanding of whether regional factors affected consumption or how the poor’s ownership of household goods was influenced by level of poverty and the life-cycle. By focusing on Kent and drawing comparisons to other counties, this article argues that the material lives of the poor were improving by the late eighteenth century, but finds that there were distinct regional differences as the poor acquired more and better goods in London and the Home Counties than in relatively remote areas. Moreover, by using pauper inventories and labourers’ probate inventories, the research finds that the poor were not a homogeneous group with similar levels of material wealth, but should be considered in terms of different subgroups which often led very different material lives to one another due to life-cycle-related problems including sickness and old age. Labourers’ probate inventories are found to represent a minority of the poor who were materially richer than most, whilst pauper inventories appear to represent a more typical subgroup of the poor that struggled to make do and owned most types of goods in smaller numbers.     

Toward a sociology of global comparative placemaking

I call for a globally informed sociology of comparative placemaking that integrates historical and contemporary processes and includes the ephemeral, institutional, and personal. By placemaking, I am referring to the explicit or tacit cooperation among people to create, maintain, and give meaning to places in space through bodily occupation given differential resources and constraints. I review select place, space, and community-based literature about urban, Black, migrant, LGBTQ, and international populations to think about how we can build upon and integrate multiple theoretical, methodological, and epistemological insights to form an explicit placemaking research agenda. A US focus on neighborhoods contrasts with a comparative examination of global urban networks, social polarization, and transformation of the built environment in the interdisciplinary field of global urban studies (Ren, 2018). I argue for a placemaking research agenda that bridges insight from US Urban Sociology with Global Urban Studies to consider how various structures and actors constrain and facilitate place projects. With a globally reaching and comparatively informed sociology of placemaking, we can illuminate our multi-structured story of place and agency in context. We can answer questions about how and why we co-create and are simultaneously disciplined by the process of creation.     

城市综合体建设面临的一系列问题探讨--以南通市为例

随着房地产调控和城市化进程的加快，商业地产越来越受到开发商的青睐。城市综合体作为商业地产的典型代表以其多结构多层级的功能组合迅速提升区域价值而拥有了“城中之城”的美誉，在东部地区二三线城市大量涌现。但城市综合体带动城市发展的同时，也引发了一系列风险亟待关注。     

试论延吉城市旅游形象设计

在延吉城市旅游形象的诸要素中,民俗要素最为重要,因此,在对延吉城市旅游形象进行定位时,无论是从延吉城市形象的硬件上(如交通、餐饮),还是在城市旅游形象的软件上(如市民素质、民俗民风等方面),都要突出民俗特色,同时要用多种形式大力宣传。     

以城市为主导统筹城乡、区域和谐发展

长期以来,我国的区域经济实际上是农村主导型的发展模式。现在,这种发展模式已经走到了尽头,必然要向城市主导型区域经济发展模式的转变。这就要求区域经济发展应以城市为重点,推进城市化战略,统筹城乡发展,在此基础上构筑城市经济圈,统筹区域发展。城市经济圈的形成应打破行政界限,顺其自然地构建城市经济圈,因市制宜地探索城市经济圈的发展道路,逐步提升城市经济发展水平,以城市为主导统筹区域经济协调发展。     

广西贫困地区村级寄宿制完全小学基本建设研究

台湾影光基金会在广西贫困地区捐助的 14所村级寄宿制完全小学的基本建设体现了“学校即社会 ,生活即教育 ,村民是学校的主人”的办学宗旨 ,与国家的《农村中小学基本建设试行标准》进行比较 ,作为“社区文化中心”的寄宿制学校的基本硬件应包括教室、师生宿舍、多功能厅和厕所浴室等基建参数的指标 ,在基本建设中应遵循校舍建设优先、满足社会需求、村校合作、村民共管等 8项原则     

Spatial variation in soil inorganic nitrogen across an arid urban ecosystem

We explored variations in inorganic soil nitrogen (N) concentrations across metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, and the surrounding desert using a probability-based synoptic survey. Data were examined using spatial statistics on the entire region, as well as for the desert and urban sites separately. Concentrations of both NO₃-N and NH₄-N were markedly higher and more heterogeneous amongst urban compared to desert soils. Regional variation in soil NO₃-N concentration was best explained by latitude, land use history, population density, along with percent cover of impervious surfaces and lawn, whereas soil NH₄-N concentrations were related to only latitude and population density. Within the urban area, patterns in both soil NO₃-N and NH₄-N were best predicted by elevation, population density and type of irrigation in the surrounding neighborhood. Spatial autocorrelation of soil NO₃-N concentrations explained 49% of variation among desert sites but was absent between urban sites. We suggest that inorganic soil N concentrations are controlled by a number of ‘local’ or ‘neighborhood’ human-related drivers in the city, rather than factors related to an urban-rural gradient.     

城市森林效益与可持续性研究展望

正确认识城市森林的功能和效益 ,探索不同管理措施对城市森林效益的影响 ,对实现城市森林的可持续性具有十分重要的意义。本文综述了城市森林对生态环境和生态过程产生的影响及生态和社会效益 ;分析了城市森林可持续性的内涵及特征 ;对城市森林可持续性模式及评价标准、城市森林生态学等领域的研究成果和发展方向进行了归纳分析。在分析目前我国城市生态环境面临的问题的基础上 ,进一步提出城市森林是构建城市绿色空间的主体。建设可持续城市森林是实现城市经济和环境可持续发展的重要途径。     

善治理论与中国地方治理

地方治理意味着地方政府从中央一体化的垂直结构下抽身,确立自身的独立地位与利益;同时,它也表征着民间社会力量的成长并逐步参与地方公共事务,成为地方治理中重要的参与性力量。在此意义上,善治理论提供了具有借鉴意义的理论框架和分析范式。但是,处于转型期的中国社会,在用善治理论观照中国地方治理时,其前提和基础条件的具备与否是受到质疑的,从而,这一分析框架的适用性也是有限的。     

城市房地产开发项目土地费用估算原理

我国城市房地产开发项目土地费用的政策灵活性和地方特殊性很强 ,它的正确估算的前提是估算原理科学。文章以马克思的土地经济学说为指导 ,借鉴发达国家的土地管理经验 ,从我国城市房地产业发展的需要出发 ,对我国城市房地产开发项目的土地使用费、征地拆迁费、场地开发费、土地税收和管理费的估算原理进行了全面深入的探讨