媒体专业主义的困境与社会秩序的维护——“凯利事件”背后的媒体权威与法律权威

“凯利事件”所引发的英国政府与公共服务广播BBC的对峙 ,导致BBC作为一个机构和一种理念都陷入了严重的生存危机。BBC所引以为豪、并且被大众普遍接受的“中立、客观、独立”的原则在层层盘问、质询之下显示出其脆弱、矛盾的理念基础。本文将借“凯利事件”逐个分析“中立、客观、独立”这些通常不被置疑的媒体专业主义元叙事背后的历史、话语、权力的构建因素 ,解构其普遍主义的神话。本文认为 ,媒体专业主义所规定的原则只是在特定社会历史条件下主导社会机构之间形成的意识形态合意 ,在极端事件的参照中便显示出其本体论合法性的危机。法律的介入使得危机得以暂时平复 ,并且恢复了现存秩序。但它并没有 ,实际上也无法解决现存秩序所依据的合法性理念已经失去普遍性共识这一深层次的危机 ,只是借法律所具有的权威性和更加广泛的社会认同将其搁置起来     

英国广播电视管理体制管窥

英国实行国有公营体制(国有公共所有制)和私营(民营)体制并存的广播电视所有制形式。BBC名义上标榜“独立”于政府,但实际上是一家半官方性质的广播电视制作播出机构。1990年,英国政府颁布了新的广播法案,根据该法案,独立广播局被撤销,代之以独立电视委员会(ITC)和无线广播局(RA),从而形成了国有公营广播电视与商业广播电视并存发展的局面。     

Towards a performative understanding of deservingness: Merit,gender and the BBC pay dispute

Drawing largely on a high‐profile case of unequal pay at the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) as an illustrative example, this conceptual article considers differences and interrelationships between merit and deservingness, where the latter captures how, through appropriate performances, merit is given recognition and value. We propose a performative understanding of deservingness that highlights its gendered and embodied dimensions. Informed by Judith Butler's account of gender performativity, we show that, while merit is conventionally conceptualized as a relatively fixed set of attributes (qualifications, skill) 'attached' to the individual, deservingness captures how, in gendered terms, value and recognition are both claimed and conferred. As we argue, a gendered, deserving subject does not pre‐exist but is performatively constituted through embodied practices and performances of what is seen as worthy in a particular time and place.     

Rehearsals in Citizenship: BBC Stop‐Motion Animation Programmes For Young Children

This paper examines new managerial discourses and practices in which the dialectic of labour is reconstructed as a series of acts of self‐understanding, self‐examination and “self‐work”, and through which the “self qua self” is constituted as the central object of management technologies. We interrogate concepts such as “excellence”, “total quality”, “performance”, “knowledge”, “play at work” and “wellness” in order to decipher the ways in which managerialism deploys what we term therapeutic habitus, and projects a new horizon of “human resourcefulness” as a store of unlimited potentialities. We invoke management’s wider historical–cultural context to situate managerialism within the framework of modernity as a cultural epoch whose main characteristic is what we term “derecognition of finitude”. It is the modern synthesis — with the “self” at the centre of its system of values — that provides the ground for current elaborations of subjectivity by managerialism. The paper examines how current vocabularies and practices in organizations use “work” to rearticulate discursively the human subject as an endless source of performativity by configuring work as the site of complex and continuous self‐expression. Management thus acquires a new discursive outline: instead of appearing as an authoritarian instance forcing upon workers a series of limitations, it now presents itself as a therapeutic formula mediating self‐expression by empowering individuals to work upon themselves to release their fully realized identity.     

Negotiating needletime: the Musicians’ Union,the BBC and the record companies,c. 1920–1990

This article examines an important, but hitherto largely overlooked, licensing system which operated in the UK between the late 1920s and late 1980s and limited the amount of recorded music that broadcasters could use in radio progammes. Known as ‘needletime’ the system was formalized in the 1930s when the BBC reached a collective agreement with the UK’s record companies – here acting via the copyright licensing society Phonographic Performance Limited (PPL) – about the amount of records that it could play. Drawing on previously unused materials, the article provides a revisionist account of the development of needletime, focusing on the actions of a third party, the Musicians’ Union (MU). As is shown, the MU was able to exercise influence on both camps and thus to have a profound impact on the development of music radio and the wider music industries in the UK. Previous accounts of needletime are critiqued and it is suggested that, while it was accused of operating ‘restrictive practices’, the MU’s role can be seen more as an attempt to ensure that the suitably remunerated employment of musicians was as widespread as possible. Needletime emerges as perhaps the key agreement thus far within the UK’s music industries’ industrial relations.     

Revisiting Impartiality: Social Media and Journalism at The BBC

This article contributes to the literature of news production studies by providing a powerful example of how processes of deliberation bring change to journalism. It explores the reconstruction of impartiality using the single case‐study of social media in the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) international journalism. In this case‐study, symbolic interactionism and mesostructure analysis enable us to explore social organizations and social processes, placing them in larger embedded contexts (structural, historical, and mode of action) and extended temporality. Following D. L. Altheide's (1996) ecology of communication framework, this study on BBC impartiality demonstrates that in the newsroom, techies have responded strategically to the logic of their environment. Techies have joined in the process of the new symbolic architecture of impartiality, which has transformed news agenda‐setting. This new logic, ushered in by techies, has shaped editorial decisions at the public broadcaster. This article discusses how social media have contributed to the nature, organization, and consequences of communication activities of the BBC.     

人民币汇率制度选择的理论分析

本文在阐述分析国际汇率制度变革的历史基础上,指出"中间"汇率制度的新设置—爬行带汇率制度以及"BBC"准则中区间软化后的监督区理论是我国现行汇率制度改革选择的理论依据。     

The creative economy: invention of a global orthodoxy

This essay considers how policy thinking about culture has been steadily transformed into an overwhelmingly economic subject matter whose central trope is the “creative economy”. The development of current ideas and their background are discussed. Policy ideas first fully developed in the UK have had a global resonance: the illustrative examples of the European Union and the United Nations are discussed. The embedding of creative economy thinking in British cultural institutions such as the BBC and cultural support bodies is illustrated. The impact of current orthodoxy on academic institutions and research is also considered. Countervailing trends are weak. New thinking is now required.     

Dossier: Psicología Social y Género. Introducción

Resumen

Este artículo cuestiona el diseño, los procedimientos y la interpretación de los resultados del conocido “Experimento de la Prisión de Stanford” realizado por Zimbardo y colaboradores. Un estudio alternativo, el denominado “Experimento de la Prisión de la BBC” ha obtenido resultados totalmente distintos de los descritos por Zimbardo y colaboradores. Los resultados de este nuevo estudio son interpretados dentro del marco de la Teoría de la Identidad Social y sugieren una visión radicalmente diferente de la psicología del poder y de la tiranía.     

BBC新闻的参照符号分析

分析BBC新闻参照符号与所指代信息的关系,帮助英语学习者更好地收听外台新闻。