人才振兴背景下大学生志愿服务乡村缘由和影响因素分析

志愿服务乡村是社会参与人才振兴战略的重要方式,大学生在其中承担着重要角色。“乡愁文化”和“社会理性”是大学生志愿服务乡村缘由所在;性别、年级、学校类型、了解程度和志愿组织对大学生志愿服务乡村有显著影响。大学生志愿服务的着力点在于智力支持且具有文教活动倾向性,但也存在意愿与行动脱节、认知流于表面、能动性不强、缺乏思想引领以及对小微志愿组织的支持缺位等问题。乡愁文化嵌入大学文化、引入激励机制、打造志愿组织“大家庭”、牢守宣传育人“主阵地”、强化智力支持优势、补齐理论技能短板、关爱“小微组织”成长、构建“三位一体”支撑体系等可有效优化大学生志愿服务乡村。     

西部民族村寨旅游业发展促进乡村全面振兴的逻辑与路径

旅游业一直是西部少数民族村寨脱贫致富、乡村社会经济发展的重要依托产业，也必将长期伴随着民族村寨乡村振兴发展的整个进程。本文在阐释乡村振兴、乡村全面振兴概念基础上，针对当前西部地区民族村寨发展面临的乡村衰落困境，提出旅游业能够促进乡村实现全面振兴是其最显著的特点，探索分析中国特色的旅游业促进西部民族村寨乡村全面振兴的道路，并按照2017年中央农村工作会议提出的“走中国特色社会主义乡村振兴道路”、2018年中央一号文件关于实施乡村振兴战略分“三步走”目标任务等一系列中央精神指导，尝试性提供旅游业促进西部民族村寨乡村全面振兴的路径选择。     

Urban cultivation in Accra: an examination of the nature, practices, problems, potentials and urban planning implications

The literature on urban farming in Sub-Saharan African cities reveals that most studies have been conducted in Eastern, Southern and Central African cities. A few have focused on West Africa, including Sierra Leone, Guinea Bissau, and Cameroon. In Ghana there is a paucity of information on urban farming. The purpose of this paper is to examine the status of urban cultivation in Accra, Ghana's capital, reviewing existing research, and to present new empirical findings on urban cultivation emphasizing on its history, nature, practices, problems, potentials and urban planning implications.     

三代领导人城市布局思想与政策绩效分析

城市作为社会、经济、文化活动空间集聚面形成了社会景观, 其产生和发展是各种社会经济要素的空间流动和地理集中的结果。城市不但是人口集聚地, 而且成为各种产业的集聚中心。本文所及的城市布局、规范的范围始于新中国建立。20世纪50年来, 三代领导人在城市布局理论、方法和实践上的特色有许多值得总结的东西     

黑龙江省老工业基地改造策略研究--与俄罗斯科技合作的视角

策略的选择关乎黑龙江省老工业基地改造的质量和效率,而老工业基地改造的关键在于运用高新技术促进产业结构的调整和产业技术的升级。俄罗斯是一个极具科技实力和潜力的国家,黑龙江省有着与俄科技合作的地缘优势、文化优势、人才优势以及历史和现实工作基础。因此,可以从与俄科技合作的视角探讨黑龙江省老工业基地改造的策略。应从战略高度审视利用与俄科技合作改造黑龙江省老工业基地,提升核心竞争力,走内涵式发展道路;重视软环境建设;分层规划;分组实施;重点支持若干领域,带动整体发展。     

美国城市化经验对江苏城市化战略的启示

美国城市化经历了发生、发展、成熟的完整过程 ,具体表现为集中和分散两个显著特征 ;我国江苏城市化进程中的独特现象与美国城市化形成鲜明对比 ,通过比较、借鉴 ,江苏必须走出一条符合省情的城市化道路。     

Urban Housing as an Issue of Redistribution through Planning? The Case of Dhaka City

The rapid growth of population, the mushrooming of poor settlements and unplanned urbanization have crucial implications for the efficiency and equity of urban services. The resultant infringements of critical human rights throw into focus the importance of housing as a social policy issue. Urban services are strained in Dhaka city. Urban management has been disrupted as a result of spatial encroachment and environmental degradation. In addition to land scarcity, land speculation and endemic corruption, the high price of land is also a product of the system of land registration. The dearth of valuable urban land, together with delays in urban planning and its implementation, have made the acquisition of land for housing prohibitively expensive for middle and low‐income households. Consequently, the quality of the housing environment is deteriorating. The problem of housing finance is intrinsically linked to its affordability, being currently the prerogative only of the affluent. This article delineates the inherent lack of integrated urban planning, the lacunae within institutions responsible for urban management – and, contextually, the nature of housing as a social policy issue, where reinforced, coordinated planning and administration could ensure distributive benefits even to the poor.     

西部大开发中新疆城镇发展的对策研究

实施西部大开发是国家提出的一项重大战略决策。城市是社会经济发展的一个重要组成部分 ,如何对待城市的发展问题 ,关系到西部地区开发成败的关键。本文首先分析了新疆城镇发展的主导因素 ,指出以政府为主导的发展模式是新疆城镇发展缺乏内在动力的原因。然后从城镇空间分布及城镇体系等方面分析了目前新疆城镇发展的主要特征及存在的问题。最后在以上分析的基础上 ,提出了今后城镇发展的对策与建议     

Linguistic differentiation and Mayan language revitalization in Guatemala1

This paper presents a quantitative study of syntactic change in the context of Mayan language revitalization in Guatemala. Quantitative analyses of grammatical variation and code‐switching patterns were used to examine the degree of Spanish influence in the speech of three generations of Sipakapense‐Spanish bilinguals. The younger generations show lower frequencies of code‐switching compared to the oldest generation. In terms of syntactic variation, younger speakers show patterns that suggest a resistance to influence from Spanish. The results suggest that younger speakers are hyperdifferentiating the two languages by avoiding traditional Sipakapense constructions that could be interpreted as resulting from Spanish influence. The analysis highlights the important role of language ideology in cases of language change due to contact and language shift.     

Tree health mapping with multispectral remote sensing data at UC Davis, California

Tree health is a critical parameter for evaluating urban ecosystem health and sustainability. Traditionally, this parameter has been derived from field surveys. We used multispectral remote sensing data and GIS techniques to determine tree health at the University of California, Davis. The study area (363 ha) contained 8,962 trees of 215 species. Tree health conditions were mapped for each physiognomic type at two scales: pixel and whole tree. At the pixel scale, each tree pixel within the tree crown was classified as either healthy or unhealthy based on vegetation index values. At the whole tree scale, raster based statistical analysis was used to calculate tree health index which is the ratio of healthy pixels to entire tree pixels within the tree crown. The tree was classified as healthy if the index was greater than 70%. Accuracy was checked against a random sample of 1,186 trees. At the whole tree level, 86% of campus trees were classified as healthy with 88% mapping accuracy. At the pixel level, 86% of the campus tree cover was classified as healthy. This tree health evaluation approach allows managers to identify the location of unhealthy trees for further diagnosis and treatment. It can be used to track the spread of disease and monitor seasonal or annual changes in tree health. Also, it provides tree health information that is fundamental to modeling and analysis of the environmental, social, and economic services produced by urban forests.