Self-management of Initiations by Students Diagnosed with Autism

During prebaseline observations, three students diagnosed with autism were unable to make social initiations to another individual. The ability to make initiations would be considered a “pivotal response” in that it would allow an individual to come into contact with a wide variety of social reinforcement. A multiple-baseline design was implemented to measure the effects of a using a self-management package to teach the students to make social initiations. Two interventionists worked with each student to prompt and reinforce initiations. All students acquired social initiations during externally-determined reinforcement. The initiations were maintained when reinforcement changed from externally determined to a self-management system. The prompts to initiate and self-reinforce were faded over the course of the sessions. The use of self-management by the student led to less need for staff intervention. Implications from the literature are discussed.     

广谱存在论与传统本体论的比较

系统地比较了哲学史上3种典型的本体论(物质本体论、理念本体论、心灵本体论)与广谱存在论的联系与区别,剖析了传统本体论的理论基础和主要特征,阐明了广谱存在论的相关观点。     

心律波动信号的1/f噪声特性分析

心律波动信号具有1/f噪声特性,是非平稳的。该文采用平均功率谱密度方法,分析了基于平均功率谱密度和最小二乘拟合法求正常人和心脏充血患者的心律波动信号的谱参数,发现根据谱参数可以定量地区分正常人与心脏充血患者:大部分正常人的心律波动信号的谱参数大于1,而大部分心脏充血患者的心律波动信号的谱参数小于1,该结论可为心脏病的诊断与预诊断提供一种辅助手段。     

Eu（3－PYA）_3·2H_2O配合物荧光光谱的研究

合成了Ｅｕ（３－ＰＹＡ）３·２Ｈ２Ｏ配合物，通过元素分析和化学分析确定了配合物的组成，测定了标题配合物的激光拉曼光谱．结果表明，标题配合物的羧基具有两种配位方式，分别为双齿和桥式．经与同构配合物Ｓｍ２（３－ＰＹＡ）６·４Ｈ２Ｏ的晶体结构测定结果对照，知标题配合物中有一种Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）格位，中心离子的配位数为８     

板模型具部分反射边界条件的迁移算子的渐近点谱及其聚点

研究非均匀介质、各向异性和连续能量的板模型迁移算子A在部分反射边界条件下的渐近点谱及其聚点.在F (1≤P< ∞)空间获得了算子A的渐近点谱以及谱聚点的分布等新的结果.     

γ辐照Al~(3+):α-石英晶体的光吸收谱及其GOW心的色心电子能态

本文用水热法生长了Al~(3+):α-SiO_2石英晶体,测量了γ射线辐照赋色的晶体的吸收光谱。主要的可见吸收带位于2、61ev,2.07ev和2.30ev处。其中2、6ev和2、07ev吸收带是GOW心(即〔Al_(e+)〕°心)产生的色心吸收带。本文理论上计算了GOW心的电子能态。对应该心两个吸收带的理论值分别位于2、72ev和1.94ev与实验结果相符。     

论公民环境教育的目标共生

公民环境教育的目标问题是有关环境教育研究领域的一个重要方向。全面而系统的公民环境教育目标谱系应该包含知识、技能、意识、伦理、行为、评价与建议以及意愿等七个维度。而七个维度目标之间的互利共生是公民环境教育层次提升、效果提高的必由之路。     

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Information Dissemination by Health Care Professions

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the leading preventable intellectual and developmental disability. There is no safe level of alcohol consumption at any point during pregnancy. Findings of this study indicate that the information disseminated by health care professionals is not always in keeping with this understanding. Physicians and midwives appeared to be the least consistent in advocating to women that they abstain from alcohol consumption while pregnant. We explore ways in which social workers can support the medical profession to provide more consistent messaging of alcohol abstinence during pregnancy to lower the incidence of FASD.     

Manipulating motivating operations to facilitate the emergence of mands for a child with autism

Research on the functional independence of verbal operants (Skinner, 1957) has demonstrated inconsistent findings. One explanation may be that these studies have not manipulated the motivating operation (MO) to facilitate the emergence of mands (Hall & Sundberg, 1987; Lamarre & Holland, 1985). In the current study, 1 participant, diagnosed with autism, was taught to tact high-preference and low-preference leisure items, and emergence of mands was tested under varying MO conditions. Results showed the emergence of mands following periods of arranged deprivation, and greater maintenance for a highly preferred relative to a less preferred stimulus. However, mands only emerged when presession tact trials were conducted. These results suggest that in a state of deprivation, transfer of stimulus control from discriminative to motivational conditions may occur without direct training.     

Substance use disorders and referral to treatment in substantiated cases of child maltreatment

Parents with substance use disorders (SUD) require treatment and support in order to provide children with appropriate care and protection. Using the 2012 National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), this paper analysed 464 313 substantiated child maltreatment reports to determine (i) the proportion and characteristics of reports involving substance abuse; and (ii) the child and caregiver/perpetrator (C/P) characteristics that predicted referral to treatment as recorded in service plans. Findings indicate that 12% (N = 53 234) of maltreatment reports involved C/P SUD. Yet, of those reports, only (19%) (N = 10 088) were referred to substance abuse treatment as part of their service plan, indicating a large gap between those who need treatment and those who receive it. This finding is important given that parental SUD is consistently linked to poorer child outcomes. Amongst other variables, reports indicate that C/P with co‐occurring emotional disturbance were three times more likely to be referred to treatment for SUD as part of service plans. Additional research is needed regarding the characteristics that distinguish C/P who receive referrals for SUD treatment in substantiated cases of child maltreatment.