浅析社会困境

社会困境是指那些使得个体理性导致集体非理性的环境。文章介绍了社会困境在两人和多人环境下的具体含义,详细说明了解决社会困境的可能途径,即动机性、策略性和结构性解决方法。     

Romantic Relationships and Criminal Desistance: Pathways and Processes

In dominant theories of criminal desistance, marital relationship formation is understood to be a key “turning point” away from deviant behavior. Empirical studies supporting this claim have largely focused on the positive role of marriage in men's desistance from crime, and relatively few studies have examined the role that nonmarital relationships may play in desistance. Drawing on 138 longitudinal in‐depth interviews with 22 men and women reentering society from prison, this article extends the scope of desistance research by additionally considering the significance of more fleeting and fluid relationships, and the diverse processes through which romantic relationships of all sorts are linked with criminal behaviors. We present an empirically based typology detailing six processes, grouped within three conceptual categories, through which romantic relationships had their effects. These pathways include material circumstances, social bonds and interactions, and emotional supports and stressors. We also consider gender differences in these processes. While more tenuous bonds to marginally conventional partners would seem to exert little effect, as one of the few relationships and social roles available to many former prisoners, we found that they wielded important influence, if not always in a positive direction.     

金融危机下中国创业投资“囚徒困境”演化研究

创业投资家和创业企业家的＂囚徒困境＂是制约中国创业投资进一步发展的主要障碍之一。对短期利益的追求和缺乏信任是造成中国创业投资＂囚徒困境＂的两个重要原因。在金融危机背景下,＂囚徒困境＂的演化将朝着有利于创业投资家的方向发展。金融危机虽然能改变博弈的结果,却未能改变＂囚徒困境＂的成因。     

论受刑人人格权利的保护

受刑人人格权的保护是受刑人权利保护的重要内容,受刑人人格权不因受刑而丧失或分离,是维护其独立人格的必备权利。但由于受刑人的人身自由受到限制,其人格权的保护也必然受到限制,受刑人人格权的保护不仅要对物质型的人格权利予以保护,还要对精神型的人格权利的予以保护。以不断改善受刑人格权利的保护状况。     

罪犯自杀的危险因素与自杀机制

自杀一直是人类关注的问题,而对罪犯自杀的研究起步较晚,论文数量较少。西方犯罪学工作者分别从不同的角度出发探讨了影响罪犯自杀危险性的因素,提出了有关罪犯自杀思想、自杀行为产生过程的理论模型,如压力—脆弱模型、聚合优化模型以及生物社会心理模型等。     

再入等离子体鞘套中电磁波Helmholtz方程的近似解

本文以样条函数(spline function)作为电磁波Helmholtz方程的近似解,求解了等离子体鞘套的反射系数和透射系数。本文采用的样条函数法具有数学推导和数字计算简单,可适用于任意电子浓度分布的优点,并且计算结果与美国RAM C系列飞行实测数据吻合得比较好。同时,本方法还可用于求解其它不均匀介质中的电波传播问题。     

集体行动困境的产生与化解

集体行动的困境是一种客观存在的社会现象。西方学者根据生活世界的反映,建构了集体行动困境产生的的三种理论模型:公地悲剧、囚徒困境和集体行动的逻辑。针对如何解决集体行动困境的难题,西方学者从不同角度提出了不同的解决方法,可以将之归纳为四种方案:霍布斯的第三方强制力即政府方案、市场方案、社会资本与综合自主治理的方案。通过对这四种方案优缺点的分析,建议把经济学和社会学方法结合起来,建立一个新的解决方案。     

朝核危机的“非零和”博弈

在国际政治领域,朝核危机已由美朝之间的较量发展为攸关地区各国安危、影响东北亚地区格局变化的多边博弈。朝鲜的筹码主要是核武器,以及周边各国谋求和平与稳定的愿望。美国的筹码主要是解除对朝鲜的经济制裁,与朝鲜签订和平协定,实现美朝关系正常化。突破朝核危机囚徒困境的重要途径是让朝鲜融入世界,使其成为正常国家。而这其中的关键就是促使朝鲜改变安全观念,美国放弃对朝鲜的遏制政策,与朝鲜实现关系正常化,共同寻求达成一项美朝和平协定与朝鲜放弃核武器平行挂钩和违约必究的方案,以此换取朝鲜彻底放弃核武器。     

Registration,Residency Restrictions,and Community Notification: A Social Capital Perspective on the Isolation of Registered Sex Offenders in Our Communities

This article highlights the importance of social capital for registered sex offenders who are reintegrating back into their communities. Although not always identified among community corrections, the sex offender registry creates a punitive atmosphere that diminishes the amount of available social capital for all involved—community members, sex offenders, and the government. Lost social capital contributes to recidivism, reentry problems, and mental health issues among registered sex offenders. We argue that deterrent and protective features of the sex offender registry are overemphasized and the goal of reintegration has been undermined. The loss of social capital exacerbates (1) the minimization of trust, (2) low expectations of rehabilitation and reentry, (3) limited contact and information from role models, (4) increased access to criminal capital, (5) formal sanctioning power of the registry, and (6) loss of sanctioning power from family and communities. Through this in-depth analysis, we argue that the current state of the registry system harms the social capital of all involved when a sex offense occurs—not just the offender—and we assess directions for future practices, as well as policy implications.