“A rape was reported”: construction of crime in a university newspaper

Historically, the news media have engaged in high rates victim blaming in their reporting of sexual assaults. However, in recent years, gains in civil rights and renewed attention to Title IX may mean sexual assault victims are receiving less-biased news coverage. Using a content analysis, we examined the tone and message of all crime stories published in one United States university newspaper from academic year 2015–2016 (n = 99). Comparing attributions of responsibility made to both victims and offenders across several major crime categories (rape, murder, sexual assault, robbery, physical assault, sexual misconduct, and sexual abuse), and consistent with historical trends, we found higher levels of victim blaming in stories on rape and sexual assault than any other crime. We identify rhetorical devices commonly used to discredit the victim and/or absolve the perpetrator. Despite perceived gains achieved by Title IX, news coverage continues to buttress victim blaming culture.     

Whither practice-near research in the modernization programme? Policy blunders in children's services

In this article, we lament the effects of practice-distant research and associated policy initiatives on contemporary children's services in England. In the last decade, as a result of high profile inquiries into non-accidental child deaths, statutory children's social care services in the UK have been subject to a wide-reaching ‘modernization’ programme. We studied decision-making in the high blame environment of local authority children's services. Our research sought to examine the relationship between performance management and the impact of anticipated blame within the decision-making practices of those providing, supervising and managing these services. We show that systems and technologies can be developed which both assist the users in their daily work and achieve desired organizational goals, but without an ethnographically informed, practice-near approach, unsafe work regimes and practices can ensue.     

Who Is to Blame?

We present the results of a content analysis of communications related to the act of terrorism at Domodedovo airport. They show that mass media plays a significant role as a source of factual, undigested information. The theoretical value of the results is that they show a significant number of cases where an actor is accused with no reference to his actions or nonactions. The range of types of complicity in terrorist activity was substantial.     

“X是（的）”语法化及其语势层级

在描写现代汉语中“X是（的）”语表形式的基础上，考察了“X是（的）”短语词汇化和语用法的固化过程，从而把用于委婉责备的“X是（的）”与它的同形异构式区分开来。列出用于委婉责备的“X是（的）”内部各形式表示责备语气的强弱等级。     

引咎辞职触发缘由探微

在权力的运行过程中,实现权利和责任的统一是引咎辞职的政治学基础。官员因工作失误、失职造成重大损失或恶劣影响,要承担领导责任和道德责任是引咎辞职的理论依据。从具体缘由来看,发生重大责任事故是触发引咎辞职的惯常缘由。另外,无所作为、违反道德规范、言论失当等也是引咎辞职的触发缘由。     

论职务过失犯罪中的决策过失责任

决策过失责任是具有决策权的国家工作人员,因过失决断或决定而造成严重危害结果并且违反刑法规范而应当承担的一种职务过失犯罪的责任类型。是根据国家工作人员在公务活动中的职务行为的形式确定的。决策过失责任与通常所说的决策失误有着根本的不同。决策失误是工作中的一般失误,只是过错行为,而非犯罪行为。同时,我们认定决策过失责任时还必须与政治决策失误、科学探索的决策失误等人类社会发展过程中一些不可避免的失误区别开来。决策过失责任形式在我国的刑事立法中有着一定的蕴涵和体现,但应当通过进一步的立法和司法解释加以完善。     

完善中国产品责任法律制度的建议

我国没有产品责任单行法,有关产品责任的法律规范主要在《中华人民共和国民法通则》和《中华人民共和国产品质量法》中加以规定。尽管1993年颁布的《中华人民共和国产品质量法》已经于2000年进行了修改,但我国现行产品责任法律制度无论在形式上还是内容上仍然存在着许多问题,因此,有必要对产品责任的归责原则、产品适用的范围、产品缺陷的内涵、产品责任的主体范围等问题做进一步的完善。     

论安全关照义务

安全关照义务存在于雇佣、运输、服务、教育等法律关系中,以法定义务为主。安全关照义务的内容表现为关心、照顾和保护的积极作为,而违反义务常表现为消极不作为形态。在确定违反该项义务的法律责任时,应当区别义务性质、不作为行为与损害之间的因果关系、责令行为人分别承担合同责任或侵权责任、直接责任或补充责任。归责原则采过错责任原则,实行举证责任倒置。     

论我国引咎辞职制

引咎辞职制度是我国干部人事制度改革的重要内容,是加强社会主义道德建设,加强党的执政能力建设以及缓和政府与人民之间的矛盾的制度保障。引咎辞职,有利于落实立党为公、执政为民的宗旨;有利于推行依法行政,建立责任政府;有利于转变领导干部的工作作风。国家需要发展,社会需要和谐。人民期待引咎辞职制更加完善,促使官员们真正做到“情为民所系,权为民所用,利为民所谋”,恪尽职守、竭尽心力为人民服务。