Bored employees misbehaving: The relationship between boredom and counterproductive work behaviour

In this study, the relationships among boredom proneness, job boredom, and counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) were examined. Boredom proneness consists of several factors, which include external stimulation and internal stimulation. Given the strong relationships between both the external stimulation factor of boredom proneness (BP-ext) and anger as well as the strong relationship between trait anger and CWB, we hypothesized that examining BP-ext would help us to better understand why employees commit CWB. Five types of CWB have previously been described: abuse against others, production deviance, sabotage, withdrawal and theft. To those we added a sixth, horseplay. Using responses received from 211 participants who were recruited by email from throughout North America (112 of them matched with co-workers), we found support for our central premise. Indeed, both BP-ext and job boredom showed significant relationships with various types of CWB. The boredom proneness factor also moderated the relationship between job boredom and some types of CWB, suggesting that a better understanding of boredom is imperative for designing interventions to prevent CWB.     

荒诞与异化:西方现代主义文学反向悲剧的重新阐释

现代的西方西绪福斯精神孕育了西方现代主义文学的新悲剧意识。西方现代主义文学的艺术形象是“意识到一切都是荒谬人”,是“局外人”,并由此表现出少有的孤独和冷漠,潜含着真正的悲剧性。生之忧与死之惧是现代人的通病,也是西方现代主义文学不断触及的表现主题,荒诞的厌倦和恐惧构成现代主义文学悲剧意识的两大内容。“异化”是西方人最严峻的悲剧性境遇,对人类崇高品格的否定必然导致对悲剧崇高性的否定,因此出现了现代主义文学的反向悲剧。     

大学生生命意义感与自杀意念的关系研究

采用生命意义感量表和自杀意念自评量表对某高校1 017名大学生进行调查,结果发现:只有22.9％的大学生有明确的生命意义.大学生的自杀意念检出率为6.0％.大学生的生命意义感与自杀意念存在极显著的负相关.逐步回归分析表明,生命价值、生活态度及生活自主三个维度对自杀意念具有预测作用,其中,生命价值维度对自杀意念最具预测力.因此,可利用生命意义感预测大学生的自杀意念,提早进行自杀预防.     

Simmel on Acceleration, Boredom, and Extreme Aesthesia

By focusing on the unique velocity and over‐stimulation of metropolitan life, Georg Simmel pioneered an interpretation of cultural boredom that has had a significant impact on contemporary social theory by viewing it through the modern experience of time‐pressure and social acceleration. This paper explores Simmel's account of boredom by showing how—in the frenzy of modern life—it has become increasingly difficult to qualitatively distinguish which choices and commitments actually matter to us. Furthermore, this emotional indifference invariably pushes us towards more excessive and risky behavior, towards, what I call, “extreme aeshesia.” Insofar as novel experiences quickly become routine in the technological age, it appears that only extreme sensations and experiences can break the spell of boredom, allowing us to momentarily feel strongly for something.     

“闷”的发现与排解:冷清之闷与郁热之闷——兼及后五四时期戏剧写作心理动力

鲁迅深刻洞彻现代中国之“闷”并成功找到艺术排解方式,《呐喊·自序》把艺术家心理之消极情绪——“铁屋子”之闷,与中国现代命运起来,找到了一条具有启蒙意义的排解方式;欧阳予倩以“热心”书写潘金莲的冷清之闷,将传统的伦理故事讲述成社会问题,试图通过“女性解放”释放时代之闷;曹禺抱定“悲悯”情怀,用“心灵的艺术”奏响反封建与个性解放的主题,让“郁热”雷雨里疯狂挣扎的人们,归于平静沉着。《潘金莲》的“冷清”与《雷雨》的“郁热”,是鲁迅“铁屋子”之闷在各自时代语境中的“重现”,欧阳予倩和曹禺发扬五四启蒙精神,继续着鲁迅式“呐喊”。     

Trait Predictors of Aggression and Crash‐Related Behaviors Across Drivers from the United Kingdom and the Irish Republic

Aggressive driving is acknowledged as a contributor to motor vehicle crashes. This study explored a theoretical model of aggressive expression and crash‐related outcomes using self‐report data collected, using an online questionnaire, from drivers in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. The proposed model tested whether the personality traits of boredom proneness, sensation seeking, and impulsivity, coupled with trait driving anger, predicted aggressive driving; and whether aggressive driving predicted crash‐related outcomes (loss of concentration and control, near misses, and moving violations). The structural model was confirmed, with aggressive expressions of anger being found to mediate the relationships driving anger and impulsivity had with the crash‐related outcomes. Multigroup invariance analysis showed that the model remained invariant across drivers from the United Kingdom and Ireland, suggesting that the contributing factors for aggressive expression and crash involvement are similar across both countries. When self‐reported crash‐related conditions were compared between drivers in the United Kingdom and Ireland, drivers in the United Kingdom reported more aggressive driving, more minor crashes, more incidents of road rage, and more frequent losses of concentration and vehicle control.     

浅析疲劳和厌倦对空中交通管制工作的影响

管制员疲劳和厌倦对飞行安全有重要作用,本文列举了空中交通管制工作中因管 制员的疲劳和厌倦而产生的影响飞行安全的事例,研究分析了管制员在工作中的疲劳和厌倦症状、 产生原因及影响因素,并提出了有效防止疲劳和厌倦的措施。     

小词语,大文章——帕特里夏·斯帕克斯思想述评

帕特里夏·斯帕克斯是美国杰出的女性文学评论家,对文学评论的贡献主要有两点。一是指出社会主流文化推崇的女性形象与真实女性不符,剖析女性人生面临的种种问题,为女性的自由发展拓宽空间;二是对"漫谈"、"无聊"、"独处"等社会文化中充满贬抑色彩的高频词语进行历史性研究,正本清源,批驳词语误读催生出的消极文化,劝谏人们树立正确积极的人生观。斯帕克斯从小词语入手做出大文章的研究方法,值得学者借鉴。     

Is boredom associated with problem gambling behaviour? It depends on what you mean by ‘boredom’

The propensity to experience boredom is believed to be a predisposing factor for problem gambling; yet, a full understanding of this association is currently lacking. Some claim that gambling alleviates the under-arousal associated with boredom; others claim that gambling helps individuals avoid the negative affect associated with boredom. The purpose of the present study was to clarify this relationship. Two hundred and two undergraduate students completed measures of gambling, boredom, and sensitivity to punishment and reward. Results suggest individuals gamble in order to increase arousal, rather than to avoid the negative affect associated with boredom. Moreover, results also suggest that boredom is distinctly related to gambling problems, above and beyond its overlap with sensitivity to reward.     

白采作品的苦难意识

白采是活跃于20世纪20年代的诗人和小说家.白采的一生充满着坎坷,家庭的不幸和社会苦难很大程度上影响着他的创作,大多作品反映了生存的困境、人与人之间的冷淡和隔膜、漂泊生活的寂寞、爱情悲剧以及厌世情绪和死亡意识.他对黑暗社会现实的多角度揭露和批判与当时的"为人生"派作家在精神气质上是一脉相承的.