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1.
“三孩政策”标志着生育政策的进一步优化,它为中国人口长期均衡发展提供了政策保障,在对新中国成立以来两次生育政策转型和优化分析的基础上,从人口长期均衡发展战略、人口问题的再认识、生育意愿和生育行为改变的视角分析中国生育政策优化的基础和内在动力。研究认为,优化生育政策不仅提升了人口出生率,缓解人口老龄化,减轻社会保障制度压力,而且将生育权回归家庭,是对家庭福利和人的全面发展的体现; 为此,在充分发挥“三孩”新人口政策作用的同时,还要有相应的配套措施,将构建共享型社会保障制度、保障女性的生育权和劳动就业权、增加人力资本投资等一体考虑,有助于新的优化生育政策的有效实施。 相似文献
2.
高和荣 《吉首大学学报(社会科学版)》2021,42(4):62-68
根据支撑基础、责任负担、保障水平以及民众需求等维度,可以把民生保障划分为托底型、基本型、改善型以及富裕型等四种类型。改善型民生是经济社会发展到一定阶段的产物,也是国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的客观要求。它是指通过各类民生项目的安排及民生待遇优化以促进民众生活得到持续改善、社会发展水平得到提升的一种制度类型,是民生项目更加齐全、内容更为完善、治理水平更高、使民众各按其分的民生模式,是人们的日常生活与服务消费支出总额持续增长以便能够提升生活水平的民生类型,是那种不断满足人的需要特别是较高层次需要的模式类型,也是更有助于形成社会结构稳定、国家长治久安的民生制度类型,因而具有综合性、完善性、激励性以及发展性等特点。这要求我们优化民生类型设计及民生投入结构,补齐改善型民生短板,营造良好社会秩序,扎实推进国家治理体系及治理能力现代化建设。 相似文献
3.
Brianna Keogh Poorna Kushalnagar Alina Engelman 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2020,68(1):1-5
AbstractObjective: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether peer support and demographic characteristics predicted food security among deaf college students. Participants: The sample included 166 deaf college students at Gallaudet University. Methods: Participants completed a bilingual online survey in American Sign Language (ASL) and English. This survey included USDA’s 6-item food security survey, questions about peer support and socio-demographic characteristics. Results: Out of 166 students (mean age =23; SD?=?6), 60.7% were food secure. About 26.4% were at-risk for low food security and another 12.9% had very low food security. The sample included respondents who identified as people of color (54%) and women (52%). Binary logistic regression revealed that compared to people who reported always receiving peer support, people who never received peer support were 16.3 times more likely to experience food insecurity (adj OR: 16.325, 95% CI 1.824–146.107). Conclusions: This study demonstrates a strong relationship between peer support and deaf college students' food security experiences. 相似文献
4.
大数据战略视野下我国信息网络安全立法分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
大数据战略视野下,很多国家纷纷制定、完善和执行着自己的信息网络安全法律,并已形成世界潮流.从国内外的大数据战略与信息网络安全立法分析来看,我国既有成绩,也有不足.对于我国信息网络安全的法律保障,目前需要完善的主要内容有:进一步明确国家信息网络安全立法的目的与宗旨;基本法层面,尽快构建完备的信息网络安全法律保障有机体系,重点包括政府信息公开法与个人信息保护法等;实施层面,加强与完善具体领域的单行法与配套法建设,增强法律规定的可操作性;完善法律框架之外的协作保障体系. 相似文献
5.
6.
Jennifer Utter Betty T. Izumi Simon Denny Theresa Fleming Terryann Clark 《Kōtuitui : New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online》2018,13(1):29-38
The current paper explores recent changes in food insecurity among adolescents and determine if food security concerns are associated with poorer wellbeing. Data were collected as part of two nationally representative surveys of the health and wellbeing of high-school students in New Zealand in 2007 and 2012. In 2012, 11% of young people reported food security concerns often or always, with 33% reporting food security concerns occasionally/sometimes. The prevalence of food security concerns at both frequencies increased significantly from 2007 (8% and 28%, respectively). Young people with food security concerns were more likely to report poor indicators of health and wellbeing, including truancy, poor general health, mental health concerns and obesity. Our findings highlight the growing concerns of food insecurity reported by adolescents in New Zealand. Interventions that address food security for families may provide a tangible means of promoting the healthy development of children and young people. 相似文献
7.
贾鹏 《华南农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2021,(5):27-37
基于2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据,实证分析了乡村创业对农村老人养老困境的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:(1)总体上,乡村创业能够显著提升农村老人的养老经济支持与精神慰藉,但存在性别和年龄等群体特征差异;(2)在经济支持方面,乡村创业通过创造就业机会来提升老人的储蓄能力,增加其养老经济支持。但吸引青壮年返乡的中介路径会增加老人的生活成本,从而削减了养老经济支持;(3)在精神慰藉方面,乡村创业通过发展农村集体经济,改善农村养老服务基础设施,增加老人与子女及社会交往的机会,进而提升其精神慰藉水平。基于此,政府的政策着力点应鼓励各类人员返乡入乡创业,推动农村一二三产业融合发展,给农村低龄老人提供就业创业机会,在充分发挥农村老年人口人力资本的同时,增加农村老人从乡村集体经济发展中获得的收益,从而促进其养老困境突破。 相似文献
8.
脱贫攻坚的成效考量与示范意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为进一步衡量地区脱贫攻坚的实际成效和居民生活品质,利用2019年安徽省岳西县有关数据,构建居民获得感、幸福感和安全感评价指标体系,分析当地脱贫成效,总结精准脱贫提升居民“三感”的示范做法。研究发现:该地居民获得感和幸福感较弱,收入、物价、医疗等方面有待改善;而居民安全感较强,工作感受、居住条件等满意度较高。据此构建提升居民“三感”的长效机制,对于巩固脱贫攻坚成果和乡村振兴具有较强的现实意义。 相似文献
9.
It is well established that relationship separation has greater negative economic consequences for mothers than for fathers in Australia and other developed countries. While research has shown that, at an aggregate level, such negative impacts tend to diminish with time, the rate of change is generally slower for mothers than fathers, and a higher proportion of mothers than fathers continue to experience entrenched financial difficulties. Less is known about the variability of economic journeys experienced by women and men, taken separately, and factors influencing diverse economic trajectories. Drawing on data from the Longitudinal Study of Separated Families (LSSF), which followed up a large sample parents at three post‐separation points, this article examines poverty rates across a 4‐year period, transitions into and out of poverty and factors affecting these pathways. 相似文献
10.
The complex ways in which food security actions lead to nutrition and other health outcomes make it important to clarify what programs work and how, with theory-driven evaluation emerging as a promising approach to evaluate complex programs. However, it is unclear how and why theory-driven evaluation is applied in food security contexts. Our objective is to examine the development and use of Theory of Change and Realist Evaluation to support food security programs globally. Using a systematic search and screening process, we included studies that described a food security program, used a Theory of Change or Realist Evaluation, and presented original research or evaluations. We found a total of 59 relevant Theory of Change studies and eight Realist Evaluation studies. Based on our analysis, Theories of Change arose in response to three main problems: 1) the need to evaluate under complexity; 2) challenges with evaluation; and, 3) information gaps surrounding a program. In contrast, Realist Evaluation was reported to be developed primarily to understand a program’s outcomes. Reflecting on the problem to be addressed in the evaluation would help improve understandings of the evaluation context, which would then inform the choice and design of an evaluation approach. 相似文献