刑事第二审程序中的诉讼关系研究

刑事二审审判中诉讼主体间的关系已产生变化,作出一审判决的法院作为"程序意义上的被告"应当派员出席二审法庭,陈述其作出一审判决的根据和理由,出庭时的法律称谓可名之为"必要诉讼参加人"。二审法院不应在一审法院缺席的情况下作出二审判决。但刑事审判要解决的问题是刑事被告人刑事责任的有无及大小,即使一审判决错误,也只是一审承办法官对于被告人刑事责任的有无及大小作了错误评断,二审则旨在纠正这种评断错误,而不是把一审法院作为刑事追究的对象。传统理论关于刑事审判对象是"公诉事实"或"控方诉求"的观点显然不适合二审和再审。只有将"刑事被告人刑事责任的有无及大小"作为刑事审判对象才是恰当的。

On the Litigation relation ship in the Criminal Procedure of Second Instance

The relations between subjects of procedure in the criminal procedure of second instance have changed. As defendant in the criminal procedure of second instance,the court of first instance should participate in the procedure of second instance and decelerate grounds of decision. The purpose of criminal trial is to judge the criminal liability of defendant. So,if there are some errors in the decision in the first instance, the object of adjudication of second instance should be misjudgment,not the court of first instance. Traditionally,the accusation is viewed as the object of adjudication; however,the viewpoint is not appropriate in the criminal procedure of second instance and in adjudicatory supervision procedure. The object of adjudication should be the criminal liability of defendant.