农村生态型公共产品供给效率测度及影响因素分析

农村地区生态型公共产品的有效供给关系国土生态环境安全、人居环境安全和生物多样性安全。基于陕西省的黄陵县、黄龙县、镇巴县和紫阳县257个村级“生活污水、厕所设施、生活垃圾回收、废旧农用设施回收”四类生态型公共设施的调研数据,利用产出导向型的DEA模型测度生态型公共产品供给效率,并采用Tobit 模型探讨影响生态型公共产品供给效率的主要影响因素,经研究发现,陕西农村地区生态型公共产品供给效率普遍较低,样本村生态型公共产品供给效率平均仅为0.039 8;影响因素分析发现,只有本村常住户数、外出务工占比对公共产品供给效率存在显著影响,而其他的经济发展水平、地理交通状况、居民聚集程度的影响不显著；本村常住户数规模越大,农村的生态型公共产品供给效率越高；外出务工占比则呈现显著负向影响,这表明劳动力流动会显著抑制农村生态型公共产品的供给效率。建议通过乡村振兴吸引农民工本地创业、就业,提高农村常住人口数量,进而提升农村生态型公共产品的供给效率。

Measuring the Efficiency of Ecologically Oriented Rural Public Goods Supply and Its Influencing Factors

The effective supply of ecological public goods in rural areas is related to the security of the national ecological environment,the human habitat and biodiversity.Based on the household survey data from 257 villages in the counties of Huangling,Huanglong,Zhenba and Ziyang in Shaanxi province on four types of ecological public facilities: domestic sewage,toilet facilities,domestic waste collection and recycling of used agricultural facilities,this paper firstly measured the efficiency of government supply of ecological public goods based on the output oriented DEA model,and then used the Tobit model to explore the main factors affecting the supply efficiency.The results show that:(1)The supply efficiency of ecological public goods in rural areas of Shaanxi is generally low,and the average supply efficiency in the sample villages is only 0.0398.(2)Only the number of permanent households in the village and the proportion of migrant workers have significant effects on the efficiency of public goods supply,while the effects of other economic development levels,geographical transportation status, and the degree of resident aggregation are not significant.The number of permanent households in the village has a significant positive influence on the supply efficiency of rural ecological public goods,which indicates the more permanent households in the village,the higher supply efficiency of rural ecological public goods.The proportion of migrant workers has a significant negative impact on the supply efficiency of rural ecological public goods, which indicates that the proportion of out migrating for work will significantly inhibit the supply efficiency of rural ecological public goods.It is proposed to increase the number of permanent residents in rural areas and attract more migrant workers to return home and start businesses through rural revitalization construction,so as to improve the supply efficiency of ecological public goods in rural areas to some extent.