中国农民的特质问题的理论探讨

中国历代农民的首创精神和仿效能力在世界上都是罕见的,它具有超强的可塑性,这可 以看成是中国农民的特质。"农民的可塑性",是指在一定的社会环境作用下,农民受外部因素 影响所表现出来的积极的应变能力,特别是它的主动适应能力和自主创新能力。在中国历史上, 传统农民表现出积极主动的适应能力,近代农民更表现出适应当时的特殊社会环境的顽强生存能 力,当代农民则表现出顺应社会主义市场经济发展的自主创新能力。农民这种独特的品性,与我 国农村地区长期存在着乡土"地方性知识"密切相关,因为它具有实用性、广泛性、普适性和 再生性等特点,农民总是自觉或不自觉地运用自身实践获得的"体验性知识",并由此带来正负 两个方面的影响。在全面建设小康社会的进程中,国家制定农村政策要从有利于农民的自身解放 和自由发展出发,给农民"正名",让他们享有平等的"国民待遇";给农民"松绑",让他们自 主地创造美好的小康生活;给农民"援助",让他们尽快跟上现代化发展的时代步伐。

A Theoretical Probe Into Chinese Farmers' Nature and Traits

Possession of plasticity is a unique feature of Chinese farmers of any dynasty. This plasticity refers to the adaptability to the external influences, especially their active adaptability and potential automatic creativity under certain social conditions. In history, the mass traditional farmers performed active plasticity, modern farmers demonstrated extraordinary survival ability in special social environment, and contemporary farmers have shown their originality to adapt to market economic development. There existed deep-rooted folk " regional knowledge" , which characterizes practicality, extension, adaptability and reusability. The fact that farmers utilize this kind of " experience knowledge" has produced both positive and negative effects. The design of rural policies of CCP and the Government must benefit farmers'self -emancipation and free development. Let them enjoy " citizen treatment" by resuming their deserved " social position" ; let them create their own magnificent and rich life by " undoing their social chains" ; let them catch up with the tempo of social development by " aiding them".