关于半总统制体制的类型和稳定性分析

伴随越来越多新兴民主国家在政治转型时实行半总统制,如今半总统制体制日益成为比较政治研究中的重要问题。学界从不同角度对半总统制加以定义并进行类型分析,其中魏玛共和国是历史上的典型案例。魏玛共和国的经验教训和各国的政治实践表明,一国的权力关系结构和制度设计关乎该国政治运行的走向,权力关系结构过度分散和政党政治的过度分化不利于政治的稳定发展,尤其不利于民主基础薄弱的发展中国家政治的稳定发展。

Analysis on the Types and Stability of the Semi-Presidential System

With moreand moreem ergingdem ocraticcoun triesad optingsem i-presidentialpolity during the political transition,now the semi-presidential system has become an important issue in the study of comparative politics. Scholars have defined the semi-presidential polity from different perspectives and made a brief analysis of its types. The Weimar Republic is a typical case among those studies of semi-presidential system. The experience of the Weimar Republic and the political practices of other countries show that the power structures and institutional designs of one country affect its development.Over-decentralization of the power structure and over-polarization of the party politics is unbeneficial for the stability of political development, especially detrimental to the stable development of the developing countries in which democratic foundation is weak.