苏格拉底文论中的人性与神性

苏格拉底的文艺理论，正如其整个思想体系一样，人性占据明显优势，同时神性的东西也不在少，其人性文论体现为：美在人的关好德行和人的需求；艺术要描摹和表现人的性格和心灵；艺术品要合人所用；诗歌与人的关系；作家修养；哲学为最伟大的艺术。其神性文论体现为：神赐美好事物并赐人感官享受美好事物；具体事物因分有绝对的关而显得美；关在神间；神是宇宙万物的创作者；见物思神；神赐诗人灵感。这种人性与神性俱有的文论思想对后人均产生了不同影响。

The Divine Nature and Human Nature in Sokrates' Theory of Literature and Art

There are both apparent human nature and many divine nature in the Sokrates＇theory of literature and art as in his whole system of thought. The former is as follows ： beauty lies in the human virtue and need ; art should describe and express human character and soul; work of art should meet human want; there is influence each other between poetry and the human; author should strengthen his education; philosophy is the greatest art. The latter is as follows： the Gods either favor beautiful and good things to us or our sense organs to enjoy them; everything is beautiful because of participating in the Absolute Beauty; beauty is in the world of Gods; the Gods are the creators of all of the world ; well shall think of the Gods as soon as we see his masterpieces ; the Gods bestow poets inspiration. The two tendencies produce different influences on the European theory of literature and art later.