试论公司董事第三人责任的性质、主观要件及归责原则

在我国近年暴露出来的公司治理问题中,中小股东及公司债权人的权益频遭侵害而不能得到有效救济的情况最为严重。其原因虽多,但公司董事第三人责任制度的缺失,对其责任性质、主观要件及归责原则的模糊认识,社会公众无法得到正确引导以及司法审判处于混乱状态等,为其几大根源所在。考虑到我国商法一般规则尚未确立,公司法处于民法特别法的地位,因此公司董事第三人责任的性质应当属于特别法定责任,主观要件应当有恶意或者重大过失,归责原则应当为过错责任以及特定情形下的推定过错责任原则,而不宜适用无过错责任原则。

Liability Quality, Subjective Important Document and Doctrine of Liability Fixation on the Third Party Liability of Company Directors

Among the problems of the company governance in our country these years, the most grievous one finds itself in the fact that the benefits of the partner, except for senior shareholders and creditors, are infringed frequently without any possible effective relief. The important reasons go to the lack of the system of the third party responsibility of directors, and of the faint understand of liability quality, subjective important document, doctrine of liability fixation and so on. Considering that the rules of business law of our country have not been established, the character of the third party responsibility of directors belongs to the special legal liability. The subjective condition includes malicious act or gross negligence. The doctrine of liability fixation is the liability for wrongs and the constructive liability for wrongs in special situation, except for the liability without fault.