冷战结束与美国对华意识形态外交

反共主义意识形态一直是影响美国对社会主义国家政策的重要因素 ,并且在冷战时期达到了登峰造极的程度。冷战结束虽然使美国认为共产主义已经不再对美国及资本主义世界的安全构成直接的威胁 ,但美国并未放弃反共政策。冷战结束使中国成了惟一的社会主义大国 ,中国自然是美国最主要的意识形态对手。这一变化对美国的对华政策产生了两方面的影响 :一是在美国寻找新的战略对手时 ,更易于将目光聚集到中国 ;二是当中国实力增长之时 ,美国更倾向于将中国看成是个“威胁”。“中国威胁论”的主要含义之一就是 :中国仍然是一个共产党领导的社会主义国家 ,强大后必然对资本主义世界构成威胁。中美在意识形态上的差异导致冷战后中美两国在很多事情上持对立的立场。

The end of the Cold War and US' ideological foreign policy toward China

Anticommunist ideology is an important element influencing US' foreign policy toward communist countries, particularly during the Cold War. After the Cold War the US no longer regarded communism as a dominant threat to the US and other Western countries, but it never gave up their anticommunist policy. Meanwhile China became the only great communist power and US' first ideological rival, which began to influence US' China policy significantly. When the US searched for new strategic rivals, China was the subject chosen by American policy makers. Furthermore, American policy makers were apt to regard China as a 'threat' when China became stronger. One factor contributing to the 'China threat' is that China is still a socialist country under the leadership of the Communist Party. The discrepancy ideologically between China and US is an unfavorable factor in Sino-US relations.